PRELIM 02 - Neutralization Titration Flashcards
Chemical processes in which an acid reacts with a base
Neutralization reaction
3 acid-base theories
Arrhenius concept, Brönsted-Lowry/Protonic concept, Lewis acid-base concept
Any substance capable of providing hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution (Arrhenius concept)
Acid
Any substance capable of providing hydroxide ion (OH-) in aqueous solution (Arrhenius concept)
Base
Any substance capable of donating a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction (Brönsted-Lowry concept)
Acid
Any substance capable of accepting a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction (Brönsted-Lowry concept)
Base
Ionizes to produce a proton and the conjugate base of the acid
Brönsted acid
Are usually neutral molecules or anion
Brönsted bases
Species formed when a base accepts a proton
Conjugate acid
Any substance that is an electron acceptor (electron seeking, electrophilic) (Lewis acid-base concept)
Acid
Any substance that is an electron donor (nucleophilic) (Lewis acid-base concept)
Base
Logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen ion activity
pH
An accurately weighed sample of a pure acid or base is titrated to a well-defined equivalence point
Neutralization titration
Are usually weak organic acids or bases in which the undissociated molecule has one color
Acid-base indicators
3 standard alkalimetric solutions
Sodium hydroxide, Potassium hydroxide, Barium hydroxide
Are used to sharpen up the color change
Mixed indicator
Method used for nitrogen determination
Kjeldahl method
4 classification of solvents
Amphiprotic, Aprotic, Basic, Inert solvent
Have both acidic and basic properties
Amphiprotic
Neither acidic nor basic
Aprotic
Most are extremely weak bases
Basic
Do not possess the acidic or basic properties
Inert solvents
A very weak proton acceptor
Acetic acid
Strongest of the common acids in acetic acid solution
Perchloric acid
Added to remove water from aqueous perchloric acid
Acetic anhydride
Titration medium commonly used in nonaqueous titration
Perchloric acid in acetic acid
Type of chemical reaction- preparation and standardization of 1N/0.5 N HCl
Neutralization
Type of titration - preparation and standardization of 1N/0.5 N HCl
Direct titration
Primary standard - preparation and standardization of 1N/0.5N HCl
Tromethamine
Indicator - preparation and standardization of 1N/0.5 N HCl
Bromocresol green TS
Endpoint/color transition - preparation and standardization of 1N/0.5N HCl
Blue to pale yellow
Type of chemical reaction - preparation and standardization of 1N H2SO4
Neutralization
Type of titration - preparation and standardization of 1N H2SO4
Direct titration
Primary standard - preparation and standardization of 1N H2SO4
Tromethamine
Indicator - preparation and standardization of 1N H2SO4
Bromocresol green TS
Endpoint/color transition - preparation and standardization of 1N H2SO4
Blue to pale yellow
Type of chemical reaction - preparation and standardization of 1N NaOH and 1N KOH
Neutralization
Type of titration - preparation and standardization of 1N NaOH and 1N KOH
Direct titration
Primary standard - preparation and standardization of 1N NaOH and 1N KOH
Potassium biphthalate
Indicator - preparation and standardization of 1N NaOH and 1N KOH
Phenolphthalein TS
Endpoint/color transition - preparation and standardization of 1N NaOH and 1N KOH
Colorless to permanent pink color
Type of chemical reaction - assay of sodium bicarbonate, USP
Neutralization
Type of titration - assay of sodium bicarbonate, USP
Direct titration
Indicator - assay of sodium bicarbonate, USP
Methyl red TS
Endpoint/color transition - assay of sodium bicarbonate, USP
Yellow to faint pink color
Type of chemical reaction - assay of sodium hydroxide, NF
Neutralization
Type of titration - assay of sodium hydroxide, NF
Direct titration
Indicators - assay of sodium hydroxide, NF
Phenolphthalein TS, Methyl orange TS
Endpoint/color transition - assay of sodium hydroxide, NF
Yellow to persistent pink color
Type of chemical reaction - assay of sodium salicylate tablets, USP
Neutralization
Type of titration - assay of sodium salicylate tablets, USP
Direct titration
Indicator - assay of sodium salicylate tablets, USP
Bromophenol blue TS
Endpoint/color transition - assay of sodium salicylate tablets, USP
Blue to permanent pale green color
Type of chemical reaction - assay of zinc oxide, USP
Neutralization
Type of titration - assay of zinc oxide, USP
Residual/back titration
Indicator - assay of zinc oxide, USP
Methyl orange TS
Endpoint/color transition - assay of zinc oxide, USP
Red to yellow
Type of chemical reaction - assay of boric acid, NF
Neutralization
Type of titration - assay of boric acid, NF
Direct titration
Indicator - assay of boric acid, NF
Phenolphthalein TS
Endpoint/color transition - assay of boric acid, NF
Colorless to pink color
Type of chemical reaction - assay of aspirin, USP
Neutralization
Type of titration - assay of aspirin, USP
Residual/back titration
Indicator - assay of aspirin, USP
Phenolphthalein TS
Endpoint/color transition - assay of aspirin, USP
Red to colorless