FINAL 03 - Special Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis

Question 1

Method employed in the determination of ash, moisture, crude fiber, extractives, estimation of alkaloidal content, etc.

Answer 1

Chemical method

Question 2

Method in which the effects of drugs upon microbes, animals, or animal
tissues are measured

Answer 2

Biological method

Question 3

Assay of drugs that use biologicals (such as animals) to determine their effect

Answer 3

Bioassay

Question 4

Hormone in rats

Answer 4

Corticotropin

Question 5

Hormone in pigeons

Answer 5

Digitalis

Question 6

Hormone in sheeps

Answer 6

Heparin

Question 7

Hormone in rabbits

Answer 7

Insulin

Question 8

Hormone in chickens

Answer 8

Oxytocin

Question 9

Hormone in dogs

Answer 9

Parathyroid

Question 10

Generally taken to be the residue remaining after incineration

Answer 10

Ash content

Question 11

Residue remaining after incineration at 675±25°C

Answer 11

Total ash

Question 12

Part of the total ash which is insoluble in diluted HCl

Answer 12

Acid-insoluble ash

Question 13

Part of the total ash which represents soluble chlorides, alkali, and NH4 salts at 450°C

Answer 13

Water-soluble ash

Question 14

Determines the percentage of test material that is volatilized and driven off under the conditions specified

Answer 14

Loss on ignition

Question 15

Determination of the amount of water in an amount of sample

Answer 15

Water content

Question 16

Water adsorbed on the surface of the solid

Answer 16

Free/unbound water

Question 17

Water of crystallization/water of hydration

Answer 17

Bound water

Question 18

Part of the crystal structure of the substance

Answer 18

Diluent

Question 19

This method is the most rapid of the official methods and requires only small sample, is specific for water, and is widely applicable in determination of the water content

Answer 19

Karl Fischer method

Question 20

Primary standard - Standardization of Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 20

Sodium tartrate

Question 21

Secondary standard - Standardization of Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 21

Water-methanol solution

Question 22

Endpoint - Standardization of Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 22

Canary-yellow to amber color

Question 23

4 components of Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 23

Iodine, Sulfur dioxide, Pyridine, Methanol

Question 24

Oxidizing agent in Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 24

Iodine

Question 25

Reducing agent in Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 25

Sulfur dioxide

Question 26

Base in Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 26

Pyridine

Question 27

Solvent in Karl Fischer reagent

Answer 27

Methanol

Question 28

In this titration, endpoint is determined by the slight excess of KFR in the solution, canary-yellow to amber

Answer 28

IA direct titration

Question 29

In this titration, an excess of KFR is added to the solution and the excess is backtitrated with a standard solution of water in methanol

Answer 29

IB residual titration

Question 30

In this titration, the amount of water is computed from the amount of electricity that was produced

Answer 30

IC coulometric titration

Question 31

In this method, water and toluene form an azeotrope then separates when the condensed distillate separates into 2 layers

Answer 31

Azeotropic-toluene distillation method

Question 32

3 other names for azeotropic-toluene distillation

Answer 32

Xylene method, Azeotropic method, Moisture method by toluene distillation

Question 33

Based on the loss of weight of the sample after drying or the gain in weight of the desiccant

Answer 33

Gravimetric method

Question 34

The number of milligrams of KOH necessary to neutralize the free acids in 1 g of a substance

Answer 34

Acid value

Question 35

2 other names of acid value

Answer 35

Acid index, Acid number

Question 36

They are due to the following: hydrolysis by chemical treatment, bacterial action, and catalytic action of heat and light

Answer 36

Free acids

Question 37

The number of milligrams of KOH required to saponify the esters contained in 1g of substance

Answer 37

Ester value

Question 38

Other name for ester value

Answer 38

Ester number

Question 39

The number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the free acids and saponify the esters contained in 1g of substance

Answer 39

Saponification value

Question 40

2 other names of saponification value

Answer 40

Saponification number/Koettsdorfer number

Question 41

Formula for saponification value

Answer 41

Acid value + Ester value

Question 42

Number that indicates the substances present in oils or fats that are not saponified by alkali hydroxides but are soluble in ordinary fat solvents

Answer 42

Unsaponifiable number

Question 43

The number of milligrams of KOH equivalent to the hydroxyl content of 1g of the substance

Answer 43

Hydroxyl value

Question 44

Other name for hydroxyl value

Answer 44

Hydroxyl number

Question 45

The number of grams of iodine absorbed under specified conditions by 100g of a substance

Answer 45

Iodine value

Question 46

Other name for iodine value

Answer 46

Iodine number

Question 47

Are fatty acids that have a high iodine value (above 120)

Answer 47

Drying oils

Question 48

Are fatty acids that have a low iodine value (below 100)

Answer 48

Nondrying oils

Question 49

Are fatty acids that have an iodine value of 100-120

Answer 49

Semidrying oils

Question 50

Are fatty acids that have an iodine value usually less than 90

Answer 50

Animal fats

Question 51

2 examples of drying oils

Answer 51

Linseed, Cod-liver

Question 52

2 examples of nondrying oils

Answer 52

Olive, Almond

Question 53

2 examples of semidrying oils

Answer 53

Cottonseed, Sesame

Question 54

3 methods for determining iodine value

Answer 54

HubI, Hanus, Wijs

Question 55

Method - Iodine in mercuric chloride

Answer 55

HubI

Question 56

Method - Iodine in bromine solution

Answer 56

Hanus

Question 57

Method - Iodine in CCl4

Answer 57

Wijs

Question 58

The number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the acetic acid obtained by the saponification of 1g of acetylated fatty acids

Answer 58

Acetyl value

Question 59

Also called as ethereal oils, essential oils, or essences

Answer 59

Volatile oils