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[1ST YEAR] PH 105 - Pharmaceutical Analysis I (Lec) > FINAL 03 - Special Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis > Flashcards

FINAL 03 - Special Methods in Pharmaceutical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

Method employed in the determination of ash, moisture, crude fiber, extractives, estimation of alkaloidal content, etc.

A

Chemical method

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2
Q

Method in which the effects of drugs upon microbes, animals, or animal
tissues are measured

A

Biological method

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3
Q

Assay of drugs that use biologicals (such as animals) to determine their effect

A

Bioassay

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4
Q

Hormone in rats

A

Corticotropin

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5
Q

Hormone in pigeons

A

Digitalis

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6
Q

Hormone in sheeps

A

Heparin

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7
Q

Hormone in rabbits

A

Insulin

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8
Q

Hormone in chickens

A

Oxytocin

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9
Q

Hormone in dogs

A

Parathyroid

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10
Q

Generally taken to be the residue remaining after incineration

A

Ash content

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11
Q

Residue remaining after incineration at 675±25°C

A

Total ash

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12
Q

Part of the total ash which is insoluble in diluted HCl

A

Acid-insoluble ash

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13
Q

Part of the total ash which represents soluble chlorides, alkali, and NH4 salts at 450°C

A

Water-soluble ash

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14
Q

Determines the percentage of test material that is volatilized and driven off under the conditions specified

A

Loss on ignition

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15
Q

Determination of the amount of water in an amount of sample

A

Water content

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16
Q

Water adsorbed on the surface of the solid

A

Free/unbound water

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17
Q

Water of crystallization/water of hydration

A

Bound water

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18
Q

Part of the crystal structure of the substance

A

Diluent

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19
Q

This method is the most rapid of the official methods and requires only small sample, is specific for water, and is widely applicable in determination of the water content

A

Karl Fischer method

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20
Q

Primary standard - Standardization of Karl Fischer reagent

A

Sodium tartrate

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21
Q

Secondary standard - Standardization of Karl Fischer reagent

A

Water-methanol solution

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22
Q

Endpoint - Standardization of Karl Fischer reagent

A

Canary-yellow to amber color

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23
Q

4 components of Karl Fischer reagent

A

Iodine, Sulfur dioxide, Pyridine, Methanol

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24
Q

Oxidizing agent in Karl Fischer reagent

25
Q

Reducing agent in Karl Fischer reagent

A

Sulfur dioxide

26
Q

Base in Karl Fischer reagent

27
Q

Solvent in Karl Fischer reagent

28
Q

In this titration, endpoint is determined by the slight excess of KFR in the solution, canary-yellow to amber

A

IA direct titration

29
Q

In this titration, an excess of KFR is added to the solution and the excess is backtitrated with a standard solution of water in methanol

A

IB residual titration

30
Q

In this titration, the amount of water is computed from the amount of electricity that was produced

A

IC coulometric titration

31
Q

In this method, water and toluene form an azeotrope then separates when the condensed distillate separates into 2 layers

A

Azeotropic-toluene distillation method

32
Q

3 other names for azeotropic-toluene distillation

A

Xylene method, Azeotropic method, Moisture method by toluene distillation

33
Q

Based on the loss of weight of the sample after drying or the gain in weight of the desiccant

A

Gravimetric method

34
Q

The number of milligrams of KOH necessary to neutralize the free acids in 1 g of a substance

A

Acid value

35
Q

2 other names of acid value

A

Acid index, Acid number

36
Q

They are due to the following: hydrolysis by chemical treatment, bacterial action, and catalytic action of heat and light

A

Free acids

37
Q

The number of milligrams of KOH required to saponify the esters contained in 1g of substance

A

Ester value

38
Q

Other name for ester value

A

Ester number

39
Q

The number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the free acids and saponify the esters contained in 1g of substance

A

Saponification value

40
Q

2 other names of saponification value

A

Saponification number/Koettsdorfer number

41
Q

Formula for saponification value

A

Acid value + Ester value

42
Q

Number that indicates the substances present in oils or fats that are not saponified by alkali hydroxides but are soluble in ordinary fat solvents

A

Unsaponifiable number

43
Q

The number of milligrams of KOH equivalent to the hydroxyl content of 1g of the substance

A

Hydroxyl value

44
Q

Other name for hydroxyl value

A

Hydroxyl number

45
Q

The number of grams of iodine absorbed under specified conditions by 100g of a substance

A

Iodine value

46
Q

Other name for iodine value

A

Iodine number

47
Q

Are fatty acids that have a high iodine value (above 120)

A

Drying oils

48
Q

Are fatty acids that have a low iodine value (below 100)

A

Nondrying oils

49
Q

Are fatty acids that have an iodine value of 100-120

A

Semidrying oils

50
Q

Are fatty acids that have an iodine value usually less than 90

A

Animal fats

51
Q

2 examples of drying oils

A

Linseed, Cod-liver

52
Q

2 examples of nondrying oils

A

Olive, Almond

53
Q

2 examples of semidrying oils

A

Cottonseed, Sesame

54
Q

3 methods for determining iodine value

A

HubI, Hanus, Wijs

55
Q

Method - Iodine in mercuric chloride

56
Q

Method - Iodine in bromine solution

57
Q

Method - Iodine in CCl4

58
Q

The number of milligrams of KOH required to neutralize the acetic acid obtained by the saponification of 1g of acetylated fatty acids

A

Acetyl value

59
Q

Also called as ethereal oils, essential oils, or essences

A

Volatile oils

[1ST YEAR] PH 105 - Pharmaceutical Analysis I (Lec) (12 decks)

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