Prejudice

Question 1

Based on their study of the rise of fascism and anti-semitism during the 1930s, Adorno and colleagues (1950) concluded that political extremism and prejudice are a manifestation of an _____________________, which is characterized by a high degree of rigidity, cynicism, commitment to conventional values, and intolerance of ambiguity; a willingness to submit to authority; and a tendency to rigidly stereotype members of minority groups.

Answer 1

Authoritarian Personality.

Question 2

Sherif’s (1966) __________________ describes prejudice as the result of intergroup conflicts caused by competition over power and limited resources.

Answer 2

Realistic Conflict Theory.

Question 3

Tajfel and Turner’s (1979) __________________ proposes that group identity is an important part of a person’s self-concept and that people are motivated to maintain a positive group identity by viewing their own social group as positive and distinct relative to other groups. This can lead to prejudice and discrimination against other groups.

Answer 3

Social Identity Theory.

Question 4

______________ Racism is expressed in societal beliefs and customs that promote the assumption that the language, traditions, values, and other aspects of one culture are superior to those of other cultures.

Answer 4

Cultural.

Question 5

________________ Racism is expressed through the policies and practices of institutions (e.g., political, criminal justice) that consistently promote racial inequalities.

Answer 5

Institutional.

Question 6

_________________ Racism is a manifestation of individual racism and is expressed in interactions between individuals and between groups and includes social exclusion, stigmatization, harassment, and threats.

Answer 6

Interpersonal.

Question 7

________________ Racism is the “acceptance, by marginalized racial populations, of the negative societal beliefs and stereotypes about themselves.”

Answer 7

Internalized.

Question 8

The application of ________________ to race-related differences in healthcare outcomes has been described by Jones (2000), who distinguishes between three levels - institutional, personally mediated, and internalized. She argues that ______________ racism is the most fundamental level and that reducing it will eventually lead to reductions in other levels of racism.

Answer 8

• Levels of Racism
• Institutional

Question 9

Sears and colleagues (1981, 1988) propose that __________________ has taken the place of “old-fashioned” racism. These racists believe that African Americans and other minorities violate such traditional American values as individualism, self-reliance, and the work ethic. They also deny their prejudice and attribute the social and economic problems of minority group members to internal factors. They reject obvious forms of racism, but oppose programs designed to assist those targeted by discrimination.

Answer 9

Symbolic (modern) racism.

Question 10

Methods for reducing prejudice include ________________ and _______________.

Answer 10

• Legislation
• Intergroup Contact

Question 11

The __________________ proposes that prejudice may be reduced through contact between members of the majority and minority groups as long as the following conditions are met:

• Both groups have equal status/power
• Both groups are provided with opportunities that disconfirm their negative stereotypes
• Contact must be sanctioned by law, custom, and other institutional supports
• Contact should require intergroup cooperation to achieve mutual (superordinate) goals

Answer 11

Contact hypothesis.