Prejudice Flashcards
What is prejudice?
a preconcieved negative judgement of a group and its individual members (attitude is based on faulty/inflexible generalisation and supported by stereotypes)
What is a stereotype?
a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people, sometimes overgeneralised innacurate and resistent to new info
What is discrimination?
unjustified negative behaviour towards a group or it’s members (object of prejudice)
What does racism entail?
prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviours towards people of a given ethnicity or race;
institutional practices that subordinate people of a given ethnicity/race
What does sexism entail?
prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviours towards people of a given gender/sex;
institutional practices that subordinate people of a given gender
What is subtle prejudice?
appears behind another motive; desire to maintain non judgemental self image
What is the difference between benevolent and hostile sexism?
ben: idealising women in traditional roles
hostile: blatent and negative view of women
How can we measure racism?
self report scales, social distance, unodstructive measures, language/discourse, IAT
What is system justification theory?
motivated to protect existing system and justify political status quo (left promote social change; right resist social change)
What is social dominance orientation?
motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups (heirarchies) (high social dominance= prejudice embrace, predicts sexism, nationalism, ethnic prejudice
What does ethnocentric mean?
believing in the superiority of ones own ethnic and cultural group and having a corresponding distain for all other groups
Describe the authoritarian personality style
predisposed to favour obedience to authority and intolerance of out group and those lower in status
What generally happens when prejudice is socially accepted?
ppl will follow, not to hate, but to be liked
What is the scapegoat theory?
pain and frustration often provoke hostility, and displaced aggression
What is the realistic group conflict theory?
theory that prejudice arises from competition between gps for scarce resources
What is in group bias?
tendency to favour one’s own group
What is terror management?
proposes that people’s self protective emotional and cognitive responses when comformed with reminders of their mortality
Why is it easy to rely on stereotypes?
time, preoccupation, tired, emotionally aroused, too young to appreciate diversity
What is outgroup homogeneity effect?
perception of out group members as more similar to another, than are ingroup members (they alike, we diverse)
What is own-race bias
tendency for people to more accurately recognise faces of their own race
What does stigma conscious mean?
a person’s expectation of being victimised by prejudice or discrimination
What is group serving bias?
explaining away out group members positive behaviours; also attributing negative behaviours to their dispositions (language - outgroup - specific)
What is just-world phenomenon?
tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get (indifferent to social justice if they don’t see it
What is subtyping?
accomodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by thinking of them as “exceptions to the rule”
What is subgrouping?
accomodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of gp
Do stereotypes bias judgments of the individual?
ppl often evaluate individuals more positively than the gp they belong to; people tend to believe stereotypes until personalised info is seen
What is the stereotype content model?
dimentions of warmth and competence reflect socio-structual variables of status and competition (high status - competent, high competition - lacking warmth)
How are the eldery stereotyped
warm but incompetent
How does terror management theory link to agesism
fear of death causes people to distance from elderly; leads to ageism
What can be some of the effects of prejudice?
deprivation/disadvantage, violence/genocide, low self worth/self esteem, self fulfilling prophecies
How are stereotypes maintained?
priming, assimilation, attributional processes, selective memory, self fulfilling prophecies
Describe Allport’s COntact Hypothesis?
direct contact between groups reduces prejudice (to work must have similar social status, ingroup cooperation, sustain close contact, similarity
What mediates intergroup contact
knowledge, intergroup anxiety, empathy and perspective taking
