Prejudice

Question 1

What is prejudice?

Answer 1

a preconcieved negative judgement of a group and its individual members (attitude is based on faulty/inflexible generalisation and supported by stereotypes)

Question 2

What is a stereotype?

Answer 2

a belief about the personal attributes of a group of people, sometimes overgeneralised innacurate and resistent to new info

Question 3

What is discrimination?

Answer 3

unjustified negative behaviour towards a group or it’s members (object of prejudice)

Question 4

What does racism entail?

Answer 4

prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviours towards people of a given ethnicity or race;
institutional practices that subordinate people of a given ethnicity/race

Question 5

What does sexism entail?

Answer 5

prejudice attitudes and discriminatory behaviours towards people of a given gender/sex;
institutional practices that subordinate people of a given gender

Question 6

What is subtle prejudice?

Answer 6

appears behind another motive; desire to maintain non judgemental self image

Question 7

What is the difference between benevolent and hostile sexism?

Answer 7

ben: idealising women in traditional roles
hostile: blatent and negative view of women

Question 8

How can we measure racism?

Answer 8

self report scales, social distance, unodstructive measures, language/discourse, IAT

Question 9

What is system justification theory?

Answer 9

motivated to protect existing system and justify political status quo (left promote social change; right resist social change)

Question 10

What is social dominance orientation?

Answer 10

motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups (heirarchies) (high social dominance= prejudice embrace, predicts sexism, nationalism, ethnic prejudice

Question 11

What does ethnocentric mean?

Answer 11

believing in the superiority of ones own ethnic and cultural group and having a corresponding distain for all other groups

Question 12

Describe the authoritarian personality style

Answer 12

predisposed to favour obedience to authority and intolerance of out group and those lower in status

Question 13

What generally happens when prejudice is socially accepted?

Answer 13

ppl will follow, not to hate, but to be liked

Question 14

What is the scapegoat theory?

Answer 14

pain and frustration often provoke hostility, and displaced aggression

Question 15

What is the realistic group conflict theory?

Answer 15

theory that prejudice arises from competition between gps for scarce resources

Question 16

What is in group bias?

Answer 16

tendency to favour one’s own group

Question 17

What is terror management?

Answer 17

proposes that people’s self protective emotional and cognitive responses when comformed with reminders of their mortality

Question 18

Why is it easy to rely on stereotypes?

Answer 18

time, preoccupation, tired, emotionally aroused, too young to appreciate diversity

Question 19

What is outgroup homogeneity effect?

Answer 19

perception of out group members as more similar to another, than are ingroup members (they alike, we diverse)

Question 20

What is own-race bias

Answer 20

tendency for people to more accurately recognise faces of their own race

Question 21

What does stigma conscious mean?

Answer 21

a person’s expectation of being victimised by prejudice or discrimination

Question 22

What is group serving bias?

Answer 22

explaining away out group members positive behaviours; also attributing negative behaviours to their dispositions (language - outgroup - specific)

Question 23

What is just-world phenomenon?

Answer 23

tendency of people to believe that the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get (indifferent to social justice if they don’t see it

Question 24

What is subtyping?

Answer 24

accomodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by thinking of them as “exceptions to the rule”

Question 25

What is subgrouping?

Answer 25

accomodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of gp

Question 26

Do stereotypes bias judgments of the individual?

Answer 26

ppl often evaluate individuals more positively than the gp they belong to; people tend to believe stereotypes until personalised info is seen

Question 27

What is the stereotype content model?

Answer 27

dimentions of warmth and competence reflect socio-structual variables of status and competition (high status - competent, high competition - lacking warmth)

Question 28

How are the eldery stereotyped

Answer 28

warm but incompetent

Question 29

How does terror management theory link to agesism

Answer 29

fear of death causes people to distance from elderly; leads to ageism

Question 30

What can be some of the effects of prejudice?

Answer 30

deprivation/disadvantage, violence/genocide, low self worth/self esteem, self fulfilling prophecies

Question 31

How are stereotypes maintained?

Answer 31

priming, assimilation, attributional processes, selective memory, self fulfilling prophecies

Question 32

Describe Allport’s COntact Hypothesis?

Answer 32

direct contact between groups reduces prejudice (to work must have similar social status, ingroup cooperation, sustain close contact, similarity

Question 33

What mediates intergroup contact

Answer 33

knowledge, intergroup anxiety, empathy and perspective taking