Conflict and Peace Making

Question 1

What is conflict?

Answer 1

a perceived incompatability of actions or goals

Question 2

What is peace?

Answer 2

a condition marked by low levels of hostility and aggression and by mutually beneficial r/ships

Question 3

What are social dilemmas?

Answer 3

situation in which most rewarding short term choice for individual causes negative consequences for the group as a whole

Question 4

What is a social trap?

Answer 4

situation in which the conflicting parties , by each rationally pursuing it’s own interest, become caught in mutually destructive behaviour

Question 5

Describe the prisoner’s dilemma.

Answer 5

sentence severity/confession of a crime

those who punish tend to elicit conflict

Question 6

Explain the tragedy of the common?

Answer 6

tragedy occurs when individuals consume more than their share, with the cost of their doing so dispersed among all, causing the ultimate collapse

Question 7

How do social dilemmas link to the fundamental attribution error?

Answer 7

both games tempt people to explain their own behaviour situationally and explain others’ dispositionally

Question 8

What are non-zero-sum games?

Answer 8

games in which outcomes need not sum to zero, with cooperation both can win; with competition both can lose

Question 9

How can social dilemmas be resolved?

Answer 9

regulation, small gps feel guiltier, communication, changing pays off, appeals to altuistic norms, self interest vs collective good

Question 10

What occurs during realistic group conflict?

Answer 10

when interests clash, conflict erupts

Question 11

What are mirror image perceptions?

Answer 11

reciprocal views of each other often held by parties in conflict; for example, each my view itself as moral and peace loving and other as evil

Question 12

Explain Zimbardo’s Two Category World.

Answer 12

good people (US) and bad people (THEM), we tend to exaggerate differences, and sometimes see a leader as evil, but people as good

Question 13

How can contact achieve peace?

Answer 13

increased contact predicts decreased prejudice (frequency and quality of contact matter)

Question 14

What is equal status conflict?

Answer 14

contact with an equal basis - relationships between those of equal status breed attitudes consistent with that r/ship

Question 15

Define bargaining.

Answer 15

seeking an agreement to a conflict through direct negotiation between parties

Question 16

Define mediation.

Answer 16

an attempt by a neutral third party to resolve a conflict by facilitating communication and offering suggestions

Question 17

Define arbitoation

Answer 17

resolution of a conflict by a neutral their party who studies both sides and imposes a settlement

Question 18

What are integrate agreements?

Answer 18

win win agreements that reconcile both parties’ interests to their mutual benefit

Question 19

What is the key factor in controlled communications?

Answer 19

trust

Question 20

What is Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction (GRIT)?

Answer 20

a strategy resigned to de-escalate international tension (conciliatory acts/intent)

Question 21

What could lack of conflict mean for a group?

Answer 21

lack of open discussion and inability to be selves

Question 22

What is fraternalistic relative deprivation?

Answer 22

sense that our in group has less than it’s entitled to compared to a relative out group

Question 23

What are the 3 central ideas of social identity theory?

Answer 23

categorisation, identification, comparison

Question 24

What are the functions of social identity theory?

Answer 24

self enhancement, strive for positive social identity, subjective uncertainty reduction

Question 25

What is depersonalisation?

Answer 25

define ourselves in terms of in group and behave in line

Question 26

What is the meta-contrast principle?

Answer 26

we catagorise so as to maximise differences between categories compared to differences within categories