Helping and Prosocial Behaviour

Question 1

What is altuism?

Answer 1

a motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for ones self interest

Question 2

What is helping behaviour?

Answer 2

a voluntary, intentional behaviour in which a person benefits and assists others

Question 3

What is prosocial behaviour?

Answer 3

any behaviour that benefits or positively affects individuals or groups, positively valued by society

Question 4

What is social exchange theory?

Answer 4

human interactions are transactions that aim to maximise one’s rewards and minimise one’s costs

Question 5

What is egoistic helping?

Answer 5

helping where the goal is to increase own welfare

Question 6

What is the exception to the fee bad-do good scenario?

Answer 6

profound guilt - restrains giving due to preoccupation

Question 7

When does good mood not lead to helping?

Answer 7

when cost of helping is high, or positive thoughts about other activities that conflict with helping

Question 8

What is the broaden and build theory?

Answer 8

positive emotions tend to broaden out thought-action repertoires (facilitates development of personal resources)

Question 9

Define flourishing.

Answer 9

state of optimal functioning (not just surviving but thriving)

Question 10

What is the reciprocity norm?

Answer 10

an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Question 11

What is social capital?

Answer 11

mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network

Question 12

What is the social responsibility norm?

Answer 12

an expectation that ppl will help those needing help, regardless of future exchanges (responces tied to attributions)

Question 13

What is kin selection?

Answer 13

the idea that evolution has selected altuism towards ones blood relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes

Question 14

What emotions lead to egoistic and altuistic motivations to help

Answer 14

Ego (distress) and Alt (Empathy)

Question 15

What is empathy?

Answer 15

the vicarious experience of another’s feelings

Question 16

What is compassion fatigue?

Answer 16

a natural stressful consequence resulting from helping a person who is suffering

Question 17

What are the benefits of empathy induced altuism?

Answer 17

sensitive helping, inhibits aggression, increases cooperation

Question 18

What are the weaknesses of empathy induced altuism?

Answer 18

harmful, can’t address all needs, burn out, can cause favouritism

Question 19

What factors influence if we help or not

Answer 19

no. bystanders (more, no help), helping when another does, time pressures, similarity, attractivness, deservingness

Question 20

What is the bystander effect?

Answer 20

finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders

Question 21

What underlies the bystander effect?

Answer 21

diffusion of responsibility, audience inhibition, social influence

Question 22

What are the four parts that make up the cognitive model of help

Answer 22

attention to incident
define incident as emergency or not
accept personal responsibility
decide what to do

Question 23

What personality traits are (weak) predictors of helping behaviour

Answer 23

emotionality, empathy, self-efficacy, social responsibility

Question 24

What is extrinsic religiosity?

Answer 24

religion is a means to an end rather than being meaningful in itself

Question 25

What is intrinsic religiosity?

Answer 25

person finds meaning in their beliefs and sees those beliefs as guiding principles for the way in which they live

Question 26

What is questing?

Answer 26

a type of religiosity which is open to exploring issues of faith

Question 27

How can helping be increased?

Answer 27

reduce ambiguity, increase responsibility, compliance tactics, induce guilt - self image, gratitude, forgivness, teaching moral inclusion, building community, modelling, learning by doing

Question 28

What is moral inclusion?

Answer 28

regarding others as within one’s circles of moral concern

Question 29

What is the overjustification effect?

Answer 29

result of bribing ppl to do what they already like doing, they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing