Helping and Prosocial Behaviour Flashcards
What is altuism?
a motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for ones self interest
What is helping behaviour?
a voluntary, intentional behaviour in which a person benefits and assists others
What is prosocial behaviour?
any behaviour that benefits or positively affects individuals or groups, positively valued by society
What is social exchange theory?
human interactions are transactions that aim to maximise one’s rewards and minimise one’s costs
What is egoistic helping?
helping where the goal is to increase own welfare
What is the exception to the fee bad-do good scenario?
profound guilt - restrains giving due to preoccupation
When does good mood not lead to helping?
when cost of helping is high, or positive thoughts about other activities that conflict with helping
What is the broaden and build theory?
positive emotions tend to broaden out thought-action repertoires (facilitates development of personal resources)
Define flourishing.
state of optimal functioning (not just surviving but thriving)
What is the reciprocity norm?
an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them
What is social capital?
mutual support and cooperation enabled by a social network
What is the social responsibility norm?
an expectation that ppl will help those needing help, regardless of future exchanges (responces tied to attributions)
What is kin selection?
the idea that evolution has selected altuism towards ones blood relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes
What emotions lead to egoistic and altuistic motivations to help
Ego (distress) and Alt (Empathy)
What is empathy?
the vicarious experience of another’s feelings
What is compassion fatigue?
a natural stressful consequence resulting from helping a person who is suffering
What are the benefits of empathy induced altuism?
sensitive helping, inhibits aggression, increases cooperation
What are the weaknesses of empathy induced altuism?
harmful, can’t address all needs, burn out, can cause favouritism
What factors influence if we help or not
no. bystanders (more, no help), helping when another does, time pressures, similarity, attractivness, deservingness
What is the bystander effect?
finding that a person is less likely to provide help when there are other bystanders
What underlies the bystander effect?
diffusion of responsibility, audience inhibition, social influence
What are the four parts that make up the cognitive model of help
attention to incident
define incident as emergency or not
accept personal responsibility
decide what to do
What personality traits are (weak) predictors of helping behaviour
emotionality, empathy, self-efficacy, social responsibility
What is extrinsic religiosity?
religion is a means to an end rather than being meaningful in itself
What is intrinsic religiosity?
person finds meaning in their beliefs and sees those beliefs as guiding principles for the way in which they live
What is questing?
a type of religiosity which is open to exploring issues of faith
How can helping be increased?
reduce ambiguity, increase responsibility, compliance tactics, induce guilt - self image, gratitude, forgivness, teaching moral inclusion, building community, modelling, learning by doing
What is moral inclusion?
regarding others as within one’s circles of moral concern
What is the overjustification effect?
result of bribing ppl to do what they already like doing, they may then see their actions as externally controlled rather than intrinsically appealing
