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Early History of Mankind > Prehistory > Flashcards

Prehistory Flashcards

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1
Q

Culture

A

Peoples unique ways of life

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2
Q

What did Mary Leakey do?

A

She discovered foot prints like ours from 3.6 million years ago in Tanzania, preserved in volcanic ash

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3
Q

Donald Johanson

A

Found skeleton of an adult female that lived 3.5 million years ago, in Ethiopia. Lucy is an authrolopithicus!

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4
Q

Authrolopithecus

A

Can walk upright, spot danger, free hands, travel faster, opposable thumbs

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5
Q

Paleolithic age

A

99% of mans existence, invents tools, mastering fire, developing languages, art (cave paintings), spiritual belifes

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6
Q

Anamism

A

ALL life and objects on earth are filled w/ spiritual forces

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7
Q

Cave paintings purposes?

A

Hunting rituals, Teach/learning, Specific events, changes in seasons, Depict the world, Entertainment

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8
Q

1st Homid

A

Australopithecus- 1st Homid to walk upright, opposable thumbs

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9
Q

2nd Homid

A

Homo Habilis- use of tools (spears, arrowheads)

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10
Q

3rd Homid

A

Homo Erectus- Taller first to use fire, first to migrate, beginnings of language

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11
Q

4th Homid

A

Neanderthal- 1st evidence of burials, advanced tools, created instruments.

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12
Q

5th/ Final Homid

A

Homo Sapiens Larger brains, Planned hunts, studied animal habits, Spoken languages, coordinated hunts

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13
Q

Nomadic

A

Moving from place to place for food

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14
Q

Groups of hunts in numbers?

A

20-70 people

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15
Q

Farming Effects

A

Producing own food, Domestic plants and animals, population growth, gov. coordinates large scale projects, job specialization, social classes, arts and architecture, writing, empires, and cultural delusion.

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16
Q

Mesopotamia

A

Means land between two rivers, Located in between the Tigris and the Euphrates, called the fertile crescent for rich soil, and golden wheat fields

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17
Q

Was it a unified region?

A

No, Collections of cultures, social customs, marriages, laws, and languages

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18
Q

Why is Mesopotamia considered the Cradle?

A

The rise of cities, Invention of writing, creation of wheels, domesticated animals and plants, agriculture was founded, separation of time in minutes/hours/seconds in 60, Bronze, copper, and iron weapons.

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19
Q

What did Saragon do?

A

Built the First empire in world history, Invaded and conquered city-states in sumner

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20
Q

Hammurabi

A

Made 300 laws, First attempt at writing/codifying laws,
Civil laws- private rights: business contracts, property inheritance, taxes, marriage, and divorce. Protected women and slaves
Criminal law- Robbery, murder, punishments
He improved irrigation, organized army, & repaired temples
NEBEKENEZER- Built wall/ public works

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21
Q

Hammurabi’s strategies

A

Make and break alliances at convenience.

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22
Q

Hammurabi’s Death

A

Within one year, all falls apart, News of kings sparks many revolts for autonomy after Hammurabi’s death

23
Q

Hammurabi’s Legacy

A

Best remembered for laws, set president of devine right

24
Q

Anthropologists

A

Examine bones and artifacts at digs to determine culture

25
Q

Neanderthal dissaperance

A

Started moving into Europe, they hunted large game at close range, and never adapted to new environments.

26
Q

Homo-Erectus life

A

Lived in social groups of 20-70/ hunted and gathered, and cared for one another. Started in Africa and moved to Europe, Indonesia, and china.

27
Q

Are Neanderthals similar to humans today?

A

Neanderthals, especially children had to grow up fast, limited knowledge, ate a lot of meet, never adapted to different environments, they risked lives in close range kill.

28
Q

What has been found in pit?

A

Homo Heidlebergueses have been found in the pit of bones, known as a burial sight.

29
Q

How did Hominid’s adapt?

A

Climates and environments became uninhabitable. For instance instead of living in central Africa Homo Sapiens lived near coasts, and lived off of shell fish. They changed and added tools. Started living in caves, and adapting to environment.

30
Q

Could our ancestors speak?

A

Genes or DNA found that they Neanderthals could speak, but it wasn’t as developed.

31
Q

Did Neanderthals and homosapiens ever meet?

A

It is believed that when they both moved into Europe they met along the way, and interacted or were interbreeding with one another.

32
Q

Farming did what to life styles?

A

They didn’t need to go in search for food everyday, They could stay in one spot, they built villages and homes, Widen knowledge with technology and skills.

33
Q

Benefits from domesticated animals?

A

Having food all the time, such as milk, eggs, and meat, as well as clothing.

34
Q

Jericho

A

About the size of a soccer felid, and could hold around 1,000 people. Huge wall surrounding the city.

35
Q

Catalhuyuk

A

Much larger than Jericho, Population of 6,500, had 3 times as much land as Jericho, hundreds of mud/brick houses.

36
Q

Men’s roles

A

Men were dominate in the family, as well as the economy and politics, elder men build a council, and controlled food harvesting.

37
Q

Farming technology

A

Needed safety for crops, as well as needing a stock, and having time to grow food. People created calendars, Oxen (plow fields), Pottery (cooking), and shops.

38
Q

7 Basic Features of civilization

A
  1. organized gov: oversee public works, organize army, storage supply
  2. Religion: Temple/ Ziggurat, burials, rituals
  3. Public works: building walls, irrigation system, roads, market place
  4. social classes: Rulers, priests, slaves, commoners, merchants
  5. Job specialization: Jewelry, music, weapons, scribe, metalworker, officer
  6. Arts and Architecture: Jewelry, instruments, spear, pottery, trade goods
  7. Writing: scribe, cuneiform
39
Q

Hierarchy

A

System of ranking groups

40
Q

Ziggurat

A

Temple to worship the god’s

41
Q

Cuniform

A

First form of wedge writing

42
Q

Sumer

A

Worlds first civilization in southeast Mesopotamia.

43
Q

Tension between samaritan city-states

A

Many samaritan city-states fought each other for land and rule. For protection people turned to war leader.

44
Q

Responsibility of a ruler

A

Maintaining public works, walls, irrigation system, leading armies, enforce laws, and employ scribes to collect taxes, and keep records

45
Q

Social classes

A
  1. Royal family, leading officers, high priests
  2. scribes, merchants, and artisans
  3. Peasant farmers, and slaves
46
Q

View of gods

A

Controlled every aspect of life, purpose was to keep the gods happy, and the gods lived like normal people.

47
Q

Afterlife

A

No escape, living on dust, food is mud, no longer see light, the door to the underworld is bolted shut.

48
Q

Writing

A

Cuneiform was invented as a use of writing, that grew out of pictographs, earliest form, recored goods at store houses, and evolved to record economic charges, myths, prayer, laws, and buisness contracts.

49
Q

What happened to sumeritan civilization?

A

Armies swept through Mesopotamia, and sumeritan civilizations were replace with new ones.

50
Q

What did civilizations offer?

A

Adapted cuneiform for language.

51
Q

Hittites tools

A

Tools made from iron, harder, sharper

52
Q

Assyrians

A

Forged iron weapons, expanded empire, most feared warriors, riches from trade, war loot, and palaces, Extensive laws
King Assurbanipal: founded one of the worlds first librarys

53
Q

Persians

A

Cyrus the great: built the largest empire seen at the time, controlled large territory from Asia to India, acceptance, respected diverse groups.
Darius I: Set up system of gov, payed taxes based on wealth, encouraged coins, and set weight and measurement. Mail system

54
Q

Phoenicians

A

Known for manufacturing and trade, made glass, purple dye, sailed in the Atlantic ocean, made an alphabet with 22 symbols

Early History of Mankind (9 decks)

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