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Early History of Mankind > Athens, Sparta, Trojan War > Flashcards

Athens, Sparta, Trojan War Flashcards

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1
Q

Ancient Athens

A

12 smaller city-states combine

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2
Q

Athens was ruled by

A

oligarchy: small group of people who control a country

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3
Q

Archons

A

Carry out policies of Aeropagus

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4
Q

Areopagus

A

Legislative and judicial powers with life long terms, rich landowners.

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5
Q

Ecclesia

A

Popular assembly; holds little power

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6
Q

who begins Persian conquest

A

Cyrus

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7
Q

When Cyrus dies who takes over?

A

Darius 1

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8
Q

How many square miles did Darius conquere

A

1 million square miles, he also constructs royal road, 1500 miles

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9
Q

What kind of government did they have?

A

Persians were capable, mild rulers allowing local gov.

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10
Q

what did the Ionian rebellion do?

A

Started the war

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11
Q

What happened in the Ionian Rebellion

A

Persia conquered Greek city-states, and the city-states got mad about taxes and dictators, and revolted.

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12
Q

What did Athens do after the revolt?

A

Sends 20 warships to aide the rebellion

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13
Q

What did Eritrea do after the revolt?

A

Sends 5 warships to aide

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14
Q

What did Persia do during the revolt?

A

Persia wants revenge, and attacks Greece

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15
Q

What did Themistocles do?

A

Convinced Athenians to expand fleet of ships from 70 to 200 ships.

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16
Q

Invasion

A

200,000 soldiers, 1,000 ships were sent by Xerxes

- Every city-state accept Athens and Sparta gives Earth and Water.

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17
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

7,000 Greeks, 300 Spartans against whole Persian army.

  • Thermopylae pass 50 ft wide.
  • Spartans are grooming themselves
  • Xerxes sends immortals to fight and almost all die
  • 3rd day a Greek shows Persians a secret path to surround Greeks
  • Leonidas sends all non-Spartans away
  • 700 Thespians refuse to leave, along 300 Spartans
  • Spartans fight for honor, Orical of Delphi, the law,
  • Persians would either destroy Sparta or kill spartan king
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18
Q

Battle of Salamis

A
  • Disagreement between generals
  • Themistocles urges Salamis straight
  • Narrow 1 mile wide
  • Overcome being outnumbered
  • Demisticles worried Greek generals will leave without permission so he sends a slave to tell Xerxes he wants to defect
  • Xerxes bites, encircles Salamis
  • Greeks 370 ships, Persians 600 ships
  • 2 Greek advantages- narrowness of straight, strong motivation
  • Crowding Persians cannot retreat
  • Underwater battering destroys Persian fleets
  • Greeks sing 2,000 ships killing 40,000 Persians
  • Greeks lose 40 ships, End of major threat
19
Q

Fate of Themistocles

A

Rivals succeed at having him ostracized

  • Charged with treason, plotting against Athens with Persia
  • Leaves for Persia
  • Artaxerxes(son of Xerxes) gives him 3 cities to rule
  • Thrilled to have him on their side even though he defeated Persians
20
Q

Effects of Salamis war

A

Greek pride and confidence

  • Determines outcome of Persian wars, determines outcome of Western civilization= one of history’s most important battles.
  • Victory of Democracy over monarchy
  • Athens believe democracy, requires much of its citizens, creates great men.
21
Q

Who is the Father of History

A

Erotocus

22
Q

Dalian League

A

Confederation of Greek Polesis- city-states

  • Goal-prevent Persian invasion
  • Located at Delos
  • Maintain fleet of 200 ships
  • Funded by contributions-mainly Athens
23
Q

Athens under Pericles

A

Economy thrives

  • Rebuilds areas destroyed by Persians
  • Establishes direct democracy
  • Citizens vote directly on laws
  • used a stipend
  • Fixed salary allows poor to participate in gov.
  • Jury system
  • Ostracism
24
Q

What two options do the Athenians have when Persia lands its army on the beaches of Marathon?

A
  1. Hide behind city walls

2. Meet the Persians to flight

25
Q

What plan does Miltiades put forward to defeat the Persians/

A

To attack the Persians

26
Q

How many soldiers does Athens send to fight the Persians?

A

10,000

27
Q

What was the problem occurred when the Spartans helped Athens remove Hippias?

A

The Spartans wouldn’t go home, so they attacked Sparta to send them back home

28
Q

What does the offer of Earth and Water from Athens mean to the Persians

A

It means the Persians own Athens

29
Q

How does Miltiades deal with being incredibly outnumbered

A

He knew the terrain, so he blocked the mouth of a narrow valley, so they couldn’t continue. He then covered the terrain with debri and stopped Calvary

30
Q

Were does Miltiades put the bulk of his soldiers

A

On the outsides of the valley, their were hardly any soldiers in the center

31
Q

How many Persians died in the Battle of marathon? Athenians?

A

Persians-6,000

Athens-192

32
Q

What happens to the runner after he gets to Marathon to declare victory

A

He dropped dead from a hart attack or stroke after yelling Nike-Victory

33
Q

What must the infantry men do in order to protect Athens from the Persian navy?

A

March to Athens after the battle

34
Q

The Battle of Marathon

A

The Persian army landed near Marathon, and the Athenians asked for help from nearby city-states. The Persians outnumbered the Athenians, but the Athenians used hand to hand combat, and Persians retreated to ships.

35
Q

What did Themistocles want Greeks to do after the Battle of Marathon?

A

He wanted to build a fleet of warships and prepare other defenses

36
Q

The battle of Thermopylae

A

Spartans guarded Thermopylae small narrow mountain pass. They held out against the Persians, but they were defeated in the end.

37
Q

What happened to Athens after the battle of Thermopylae

A

The Persians marched south to burn Athens but nobody was in the city, Athens had already fled to safety.

38
Q

Outline the events of the battle of salamis

A

The Athenians lured the Persian navy into the narrow straight of Salamis and the Athenian ships drove into the Persians, and their fleet sank.

39
Q

What was the Dalian League and who dominated it? how would they obtain cooperation?

A

For Persia to stay the most powerful city-state it had to make alliances, these alliances were called the Dalian League.

40
Q

Origins of the Trojan war

A

The main source for the Trojan war is Homers Iliad. This story says there was a 10 yr conflict, that occurred in the 13th century BCE. The Trojan war started as a way for Zeus to reduce the population of humanity. He also wanted to regain Helen his wife.

41
Q

What made the “special heroes” amongst the Greeks so special?

A

They were the greatest fighters, and displayed the most curage on the battlefield. Had 1 parent who was a god.

42
Q

Why was paris not killed fighting Melos

A

Paris swayed at the last moment, Aphrodite saved paris by cutting his helmet strap to keep paris from choking.

43
Q

Why was the battle between Ajax and Hecktor a peaceful ending?

A

Each Greek threw a spear, and rocks, and end up sword fighting. Battle ends with a trading of gifts when it gets dark.

Early History of Mankind (9 decks)

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