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Greek test Flashcards

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1
Q

Athens

A

a city-state that pioneered democracy in Ancient Greece

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2
Q

Tyrant

A

In ancient Greece, a ruler who gained power by force

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3
Q

Legislature

A

The law making body of government

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4
Q

Shrine

A

Altar, chapel, or other sacred place

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5
Q

Citizen

A

A native or resident of a town or vilage

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6
Q

Monarchy

A

Government in which a king or queen exercises central power

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7
Q

Polis

A

Greek term for a city-state in ancient Greece

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8
Q

Acropolis

A

Highest and most fortified point in a Greek city-state

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9
Q

Aristocracy

A

Government headed by a hereditary land owning class

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10
Q

Phalanx

A

A massive tactical formation of heavily armed soldiers

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11
Q

Sparta

A

A Greek city-state that emphasized a militaristic society

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12
Q

Democracy

A

Government in which the people hold the ruling power

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13
Q

Oligarchy

A

Government in which the ruling power belongs to a few

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14
Q

Trojan War

A

A 10 year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy

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15
Q

Alliance

A

Formal agreement between 2 or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another defenses

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16
Q

Direct democracy

A

Citizens take part directly in day to day affairs of government

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17
Q

Stipend

A

Fixed salary, to men who participated in the assembly and its government council.

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18
Q

Jury

A

A panel of citizens who have the authority to make the final judgement in a trial

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19
Q

Ostracism

A

The person with the largest number of votes cast against him would live outside the city for 10 years.

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20
Q

What is the name for Sparta’s system of government?

A

Dual Monarchy

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21
Q

What is the name of the Athenian system of government?

A

Democracy

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22
Q

List two reforms made by the Athenian reformer Solon?

A
  1. He freed in debt slaves

2. He freed in debt slaves sold overseas

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23
Q

What are two reforms made by Athenian reformer Pisistratus?

A
  1. He rebuilt parts of Athens destroyed by Persia

2. Reduced taxes from 20% to 10%

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24
Q

What caused Sparta to develop into a militaristic society?

A

They needed to be sure that if there was another revolt that Sparta wouldn’t be destroyed and that they would have enough soldiers in numbers to stop the revolt

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25
Q

Describe the most important role for a Spartan Women

A

To make strong babies, to become warriors.

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26
Q

Why did merchants and poor people often support Athenian tyrants?

A

The tyrants promised them things like freedom, or freed from being in debt

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27
Q

Explain how geography influenced the rise of small city-states in Greece

A

Valleys, seas, and mountains separated small city-states

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28
Q

What was the main cause of the Persian Wars?

A

Persia took over city-states in Ionian, and the Athens and Eritrea helped out with the rebellion, causing a war with Persia.

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29
Q

Battle of Marathon?

A

In the battle of Marathon it was 10,000 Greeks against the Persian army. The Persians greatly outnumbered the Greeks, but luckily Miltiades knew the terrain. Miltiades took his men into a small mountain pass and continued to battle. Miltiades put most of his men on the wings of the formation, and let a weak center. When his men took out the outsides of the Persian army, they pushed them all to the middle and took out Xerxes army. They then sent a soldier to tell everyone the great news, he arrived, yelled NIKE (victory) and dropped dead. Persians died-6,000 Athens died-192

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30
Q

Battle of Thermopylae

A

In the battle of Thermopylae the Greeks were out numbered yet again, so they went in the Thermopylae (5 mile wide) pass and fought. On the 3rd day of fighting a Greek man told the Persians there was a passage to defeat the Greeks when Leonidas heard about this, he sent all non-Spartans away but 1,000 soldiers, 300 Spartans stayed. Sadly the Greeks lost the battle.

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31
Q

Battle of Salamis

A

Themistocles started the war at Salamis, he wanted the battle at Salamis to stop commanders from leaving without permission. When Themistocles sent a slave to tell Xerxes about Sparta at Salmon, Xerxes took the bait, and waited in the Salamis all night. The Greeks then surrounded the Persians and used underwater rams to sink the fleet. The Greeks lost 40 ships, the Persians lost 20,000 men.

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32
Q

What was the purpose of the Dalian League who led it?

A

the Dalian league was made to protect Greece from Invasion of Persia. Athens led it.

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33
Q

What job did the Persian General Mardonius give to the king of Macedon?

A

He dispatched the king of Macedon, and told him to persuade the Athenians to make an alliance with Persia.

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34
Q

If the Athenians joined an alliance with Persia what could they expect to gain? if they did not?

A

If joined they could have whatever land in Greece they desired to rebuild Athens. If not Persians would single them out at war.

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35
Q

Summarize the message sent from the Athenians to the king of Macedon

A

The Athenians said they would never join the Persians because it was unholy.

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36
Q

What motives do the Athenians say make it impossible that they would join alliance with Persia

A

The Persians were burning there temples, and the image of their gods.

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37
Q

What happened to Athens once thy again turned down alliance with Persia?

A

The Persians burned Athens once again

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38
Q

What did Olympius fear the most about Philip II taking a new bride?

A

She was afraid if he had a son with the new bride, he would take Alexander’s place.

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39
Q

After conquering the Greeks, who does Alexander set his sights on?

A

Persia

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40
Q

What would happen to the individual who was able to untie the Gordian knot? How does Alexander “undo” this knot?

A

They would become lord of Asia, Alexander cuts the know with his sword.

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41
Q

What strategy does Darius’ advisor tell him to follow after Alexander wins three consecutive battles?

A

Avoid battle and retreat, destroy food, burn crops- this is called the scorched Earth method

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42
Q

What does Darius offer to Alexander if he will stop his expansion?

A

He would give him money, half of his empire, and daughters hand in marriage.

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43
Q

What stops Alexander from pursuing Darius as he Fled?

A

His troops were failing, and needed his help

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44
Q

After conquering Persia, why did Alexander continue marching eastward?

A

He conquered the rest of the Persian empire to do things never done befre

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45
Q

How could one consider Alexander immortal?

A

He made history, combined eastern and western cultures

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46
Q

How did the Persian Wars Begin?

A

The Persians conquered city-states like Ionia in Asia Minor, and they revolted against the Persians.

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47
Q

Summarize the events of the Battle of Marathon

A

The Persian army landed near Marathon, and the Athenians asked for help from nearby city-states. The Persians outnumbered the Athenians, but the Athenians used hand to hand combat, and Persians retreated to ships.

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48
Q

What did Themistocles want Greeks to do after the Battle of Marathon? why?

A

He wanted to build a fleet of warships and prepare other defenses

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49
Q

What happened to Athens after the Battle of Thermopylae? Why was there no one there?

A

The Persians marched south to burn Athens but nobody was in the city, Athens had already fled to safety.

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50
Q

Outline the events of the Battle of Salamis

A

The Athenians lured the Persian nay into the narrow strait of salamis, and the Athenian ships drove into the Persians, and their fleet sank.

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51
Q

What was the Delian League and who dominated it? How would they obtain cooperation?

A

For Persia to stay the most powerful city-state it had to make alliances, these alliances were called the Delian League.

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52
Q

From what years and under whom did Athens see its “golden age”

A

Pericles created the golden age when he had skillful leadership, thriving economy, and democratic government.

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53
Q

What is the difference between a direct democracy and an indirect democracy

A

In a direct democracy people take part in day to day affairs, in indirect democracy they elected government leaders.

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54
Q

What was significant about Pericles issuing a stipend to members of government?

A

The stipend enabled poor men to serve in government

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55
Q

Explain the make-up of the Athenian jury and how long citizens would serve.

A

Juries were large to prevent corruption, it was usually made up of hundreds, or thousands of jurors. These citizens were over 30 years of age, and would serve for a year.

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56
Q

In what specific ways did Pericles turn Athens into a cultural center of Greece?

A

-He had skillful leadership, thriving economy, and a big government.

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57
Q

What two options do the Athenians have when Persia lands its army on the beaches of Marathon?

A
  1. Hide behind city walls

2. Meet the Persians to fight

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58
Q

What plan does Miltiades put forward to defeat the Persians at the battle of Marathon?

A

To attack the Persians

59
Q

How man soldiers does Athens send to fight the Persians at the battle of Marathon?

A

10,000

60
Q

What was the problem occurred when the Spartans helped Athens remove Hippias?

A

the Spartans wouldn’t go home, so they attacked Sparta to send them back home.

61
Q

What does the offer of earth and water from Athens mean to the Persians?

A

It means the Persians won Athens

62
Q

How does Miltiades deal with being incredibly outnumbered?

A

He knew the terrain, so he blocked the mouth of a narrow valley, so they couldn’t continue. He then covered the terrain, with debri and stopped Calvary.

63
Q

Were does Miltiades put the bulk of his soldiers?

A

On the outsides of the valley, their were hardly any soldiers in the center

64
Q

How many Persians died in the Battle of Marathon? Athenians?

A

Persians-6,000

Athens- 192

65
Q

What happens to the runner after he gets to Marathon to declare victory?

A

He dropped dead from a heart attack or stroke after yelling NIKE(victory)

66
Q

What must the infantry men do in order to protect Athens from the Persian navy?

A

March to Athens after the battle

67
Q

Differences between Sparta and Athens

A

Sparta- Devoted to war, Moms devoted to making babies, Monarchy, no babying children, couldn’t live with families or wives until the age of 45, harsh training of kids started at age 7, Babies were inspected strong were kept and weak were left to die, Began early genetic engineering.

Both- Devoted mothers, Both had councils that voted on laws. Had social outcasts, men who could not produce babies were treated poorly, and so were peasants, Popular revolts, slaves, harsh punishments.

Athens- More of a democracy, people lived as they please, mothers took care of children, cooked, worked around house, Produced olives, pottery factory, and increase exports, Solon freed slaves, status is based on wealth rather than birth, 1st full democracy, Draco laws consisted of -Death for theft, death for unemployed, if debt was in your family kids would be sold.

68
Q

Although most likely fictional, how does the story of the Trojan war influence the way we view Ancient Greece?

A

It gives us insights into the warfare, religion, customs, and altitudes of ancient Greeks.

69
Q

Summarize the origins of the Trojan War

A

The main source for the Trojan war is Homers Iliad. This story says there was a 10 year conflict, that occurred in the 13 Th century BCE. The Trojan war started as a way for Zeus to reduce the population of humanity. He also wanted to regain Helen.

70
Q

What mad e the “special heroes” amongst the Greeks so special?

A

They were the greatest fighters, and displayed the most courage on the battle field. Had 1 parent who was a god.

71
Q

Why were Menoleos and Paris to fight a one on one battle against each other?

A

to settle the issue of war.

72
Q

Explain why Paris was not killed in the fight with Menoleos even though it seemed very likely.

A

If Paris had not swayed at the last moment, he would have been killed.

73
Q

Who is Achilles and why is he not fighting in this historic battle?

A

Achilles was the greatest Greek warrior to live. Agamemnon stole his female war booty-women and he refused to fight without it.

74
Q

Explain why during the Trojan ambush of the Greek camp that the Trojans were able to push the Greeks back to their ships.

A

The Trojans ambushed the Greeks, then Zeus told the Greeks to retreat, and Apollo forced them back to their ship were he sit it on fire.

75
Q

Why does Patroklos ignore Achilles advice and pursue the Trojans to their walls? is he successful?

A

He succeed killing sarpendon and ignored the advice he then died.

76
Q

What does the death of Patroklos lead Achilles to do? What does this mean for the Trojans?

A

Achilles was overcome with grief and rage, and he swore revenge on the Trojans, and Hector, Patroklos killer. This sealed the fate for the Trojans

77
Q

What does Achilles do to Hektor’s body after he rams a spear through his throat?

A

He stripped the body of Armour, then tied Hektor to his chariot by his ankles, he then brought him back to the Greek Camp.

78
Q

How is the body of Hektor returned to the Trojans?

A

Priam entered the Greek camp in a disguise, and begged Achilles for his sons body so he could give it proper burial.

79
Q

Summarize the steps taken y Odysseus to get inside the walls of Troy

A

Odysseus squabbled over Achilles Armour, he disguised the men in a wooden horse, the Trojans felt it was a treaty, and got drunk, slaughtered Trojans

80
Q

Which Homeric epic i the author referring to?

A

The odyssey

81
Q

According to Pericles what is worse than the acknowledgement of poverty?

A

To make no effort to overcome something.

82
Q

Describe what you think Pericles means when he states citizens have both private and public duties.

A

Duty to city and government

83
Q

What do Athenians think about people who remain distant in public life?

A

They are quiet, and don’t really care about the city’s needs, and that they are filled with failure.Useless, idiots

84
Q

Who is Pericles referring to when he talks about men who are bold in ignorance?

A

Sparta

85
Q

Why does Pericles think that Athenians are the bravest of all the Greeks?

A

He thinks this because the Athenians yield to no one man, and have independence of spirit, had clearest vision.

86
Q

What created the perfect breeding ground for disease when Pericles and everyone took shelter in Athens.

A

The country men and women took shelter in Athens

87
Q

Summarize the symptoms of the plague as described by Thucydides

A

You were always very hot, and thirsty, and couldn’t sleep at night

88
Q

Why were physicians among the first to die and what consequences would come of this?

A

They contracted the disease from the earliest victims, they didn’t have a remedy or solution for the diseease

89
Q

How did the Athenians handle getting rid of all of the bodies?

A

They tried their best to bury the bodies but most were burned

90
Q

Why did the citizens of Athens turn on Pericles and have him kicked out of the city?

A

It was easy to blame Pericles for bringing the plague, and locking them in the city

91
Q

Why did Pericles have no other options than to bring the citizens behind the walls?

A

It would have been suicidal to fight the Spartans

92
Q

What three ways did Philip II form alliances with other Greek City-states

A

Threats, bribery, and diplomacy

93
Q

What was Philip II overall goal while he was ruler? What happened before he cold reach his goal?

A

He wanted to conquer the Persian Empire, but was assassinated.

94
Q

What aspects of Persia made it more susceptible to take over

A

Darius III was weak and his provinces were rebelling against him.

95
Q

Where did Alexander win his first battle against the Persians?

A

Grancius River

96
Q

Why did Alexander’s soldiers not want to head further east?

A

His soldiers were tired

97
Q

What happens to Alexander’s Empire after he dies?

A

Years later 3 generals divided up the empire. Macedonia and Greece went to one, Egypt to another, and Persia to the 3rd

98
Q

Explain how Greek culture was implanted into the conquered regions of Asia

A

Alexander funded new city-states with Greek soldiers, traders, and artisans. Greek temples were also built along with statues

99
Q

Why do you think Alexander took a Persian wife and encouraged his soldiers to do the same?

A

To assimilate Greek culture with Persian culture

100
Q

The blending of what four cultures led to the “Hellenistic Age”?

A

Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian

101
Q

What aspects of Alexandria made it the heart of the “Hellenistic Age”?

A

It was located on the sea land between Europe and Asra, markets ranged from marble to grain, ivory, and spices hosted many people(millions)

102
Q

What change did women under go during the Hellenistic time period?

A

Women were no longer restricted to their homes, they learned to read and write, became philosophers, and held power.

103
Q

What led to the rise of new philosophies in the Hellenistic Age?

A

Political turmoil

104
Q

What is Stoicism?

A

Philosophy avoid desires and disappointments by accepting calmly whatever life brought. Most influential.

105
Q

What did Pythagoras develop?

A

Made a formula to represent the sides(relationship) of a right triangle. wrote the elements.

106
Q

What is the Heliocentric theory

A

Sun centered, solar system. Earth rotated on axis, orbited around sun.

107
Q

What is the scientist Archimedes famous for?

A

Used physics to make inventions, used lever, and pully

108
Q

Who is Hippocrates and what was his contribution to the western world?

A

Hippocrates was a Greek physician who studied illness and looked for a cure. He contributed the Hippocratic oath were doctors swore to help the sick accordingly.

109
Q

How did geography influence the rise of Greek city-states?

A

Mountains and seas separated the city-states.

110
Q

How did living by the sea influence Greek commerce?

A

With access to the sea, it allowed Greeks to become great sailors, and have access to the outside world.

111
Q

Under which Athenian ruler did Athens become a direct democracy?

A

Pericles

112
Q

How did the Delian League influence the rise of the Peloponnesian Wars?

A

The growing power of the Delian League made the Peloponnesian league very suspicious.

113
Q

What advantages did Greece have during the Persian Wars?

A

Geography, they always used strategic plans through geography, strong navy, and were free men rather than slave. They also had smart general’s that made the decision to use the Geography.

114
Q

What is Alexander the Greats most lasting legacy?

A

Uniting Eastern and Western cultures, leading to the Hellenistic age.

115
Q

How did Greeks view foreigners?

A

Barbarians

116
Q

Why was Socrates placed on trial and later executed?

A

They thought that he was corrupting the youth, questioning authority/ government, thought he was introducing new gods.

117
Q

Summarize the Battle of Marathon.

A

Leader-Malteadas, had 2 choices 1. hide behind city walls 2. meet them in valley - Puts heavy amount of soldiers on the wings on the formation, with a weak center. The soldiers on the outside killed the soldiers on the outside, and when the center broke, they killed everyone in the center. When Athenians won, they sent a man named Pheidippides, who ran a marathon (26 miles) and when he arrived at Athens yelled NIKE (victory) and died of a heart attack.

118
Q

Summarize the Battle of Salamis.

A

Leader-Themistocles, Sends a slave that says he wants to defect to the other side, they sail to the Salamis straight and wait all night. Only a mile wide, becomes congested, Athenians hit the Persians with underwater battering rams, and sink most of the ships.

119
Q

Summarize the Battle of Thermopylae.

A

Leader- Leonidas, Outnumbered by Persians, so Leonidas sends all non-Spartans away, 1000 Greeks stay, for pride, honor, law

120
Q

Who is the Athenian leader recognized for creating the first full democracy?

A

Cleisthenes

121
Q

What reforms did Pisistratus make when he became tyrant of Athens?

A

Monopoly on mines, gives nobles land to peasants, Patron of the arts,

122
Q

What reforms did Solon make when he became the tyrant of Athens?

A

Freed in-debt slaves, Freed in-debt slaves sold oversees, changed taxes from 20% to 10%, forgave in-debt people. Encouraged Athenians to grow olives.

123
Q

Why did Sparta develop into a militaristic society?

A

Helot/ Mycenaean revolt, afraid of power being taken over or revolted against.

124
Q

What caused the Persian wars?

A

Ionian Revolt, Athens and Eritrea aid ships to the Ionians, and Persia is not happy and wants revenge, and attacks Athens.

125
Q

What are some effects of the Greek victory in the Persian Wars?

A

Greek pride, confidence, and uniqueness, Determines fate of western civilization, would they be Greek or Persian

126
Q

What helped Alexander the Great conquer Persia?

A

Soldiers were trained well, used hammer and anvil war strategie

127
Q

What caused the Peloponnesian Wars, who won, and what resulted?

A

2 city-states fighting over a colony made together, one sided with Sparta, and the other Sided with Athens. Peloponnesian league (Sparta) wins, and eventually leads to the destruction of Greece.

128
Q

Why did merchants and poor people often support democratic Athenian leaders.

A

The tyrants promised to aid and protect these people.

129
Q

What is the Apella in the Spartan government responsible for?

A

Popular assembly, citizens 30+, occasionally got to vote

130
Q

What was the purpose of the dual monarchy in Sparta’s government?

A

War, religion= balanced power

131
Q

Why were Spartan men ridiculed if they did not produce a child?

A

They were not contributing to Spartan society.

132
Q

How did Alexander the Great encourage the gradual assimilation of Eastern and Western cultures?

A

Marriage between two different cultures

133
Q

At what age would a Spartan boy begin his training?

A

7 years old, they could retire at 60

134
Q

Why did Spartans throw some babies off of Mt. Taygetus

A

They believed that the babies were weak, and were not fit to be Spartans. Became a form of genetic engineering.

135
Q

What was significant about Pericles issuing a stipend to members of government?

A

The poor could participate in government, and could still focus on work and family

136
Q

What was an Acropolis used for?

A

Highest most fortified point of the city-state, protected.

137
Q

What did Greeks think about citizen’s participation in government?

A

They were worth less if they did not participate in government

138
Q

What was the overall purpose of the Delian League?

A

Protect Greece from further Persian attacks

139
Q

How did Alexander the Great inherit the Macedonian Throne from his father Philip II?

A

It is possible that Alexander had someone assassinate his father.

140
Q

Why did women in Sparta typically have more freedoms than Athenian women?

A

Men are gone all the time so women needed to run things.

141
Q

What were the unifying cultural forces in Greece?

A

Religion, language, Olympics

142
Q

What was the purpose of the Sacred Truce?

A

During the Olympics the Greek city-states would all stop their fighting, so that soldiers could all travel to the Olympics

143
Q

Causes and effects of Peleponesian war

A
  1. Fear
  2. Pride
  3. Fatalism

Early History of Mankind (9 decks)

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