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Early History of Mankind > Egyptians > Flashcards

Egyptians Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the steps a soul would go through once it reached the underworld.

A
  1. Pass a test to win eternal life
  2. Dead soul would be sent across the lake of fire to Osiris
  3. The heart would be weighed against the feather of truth, Sinners souls would be eaten by a demon Crocodile, and the healthy souls would be sent to the happy field of food were they would have an eternal life.
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2
Q

Why was Tutankhamen (king Tut) so popular even after his death?

A

His tomb was untouched by tomb raiders for almost 3,000 years when scientists found the tomb.

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3
Q

How did Egyptians view the afterlife? What did the view lead them to do?

A

They believed the afterlife was just like life on earth. As a result Egyptians buried their dead with everything they needed in the afterlife. They also mummified the body for use in the afterlife.

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4
Q

List the Egyptian hierarchy by rank

A
  1. Pharaoh/ royal family
  2. government officials/ priests
  3. Merchants, scribes, artisans
  4. peasants
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5
Q

What was the farming class expected to do during the growing off season?

A

They were expected to serve the pharaoh, build temples, palaces, and tombs. Women also spent a lot of time raising kids, collecting water, and making food.

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6
Q

How does trade and conquest affect the Egyptian social structure?

A

Trade offered new opportunities to build social classes, such as merchant classes, and bring foreign trade which resulted in more business for artisans.

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7
Q

What sorts of freedoms did Egyptian women have that many other women did not get to enjoy?

A

Many Egyptian women could inherit property, enter business deals, buy and sell goods, go to court, and divorce. Women manufactured perfume and textiles, managed farming estates, serve as doctors, could learn to read and write, and enter priesthood.

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8
Q

What were Egyptian priest-astronomer able to develop? Why is this significant?

A

Egyptian priest-astronomers were able to map the constellations and chart the movement of the planets. They also developed a calendar with 12 months, and 30 days in each month, and 5 extra days. This is a basis for our modern day calendar.

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9
Q

What art forms were common in Ancient Egypt?

A

Art included wall paintings in tombs, statues, and carvings on temples.

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10
Q

Cataract

A

Waterfall to within 100 miles of the mediteranian sea

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11
Q

Triangular area of marshland formed by deposits of silt at the mouth of some rivers.

A

Delta

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12
Q

Dynasty

A

Power passed from one ruling family to another

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13
Q

Pharaoh

A

What Egyptian kins called themselves

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14
Q

Bureaucracy

A

A system of government that includes levels of authority.

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15
Q

Mummification

A

Preservation of dead bodies by embalming them and wrapping them in cloth.

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16
Q

Hieroglyphics

A

symbols or pictures represent objects, concepts, and sounds.

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17
Q

Papyrus

A

A plant that grows on the banks of the Nile.

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18
Q

Decipher

A

figure out the meaning of decipher written.

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19
Q

Rosetta Stone

A

A flat black stone that presents the same passage carved in heiroglyphics

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20
Q

Hatshepsut

A

Exercised all the rights of a Pharaoh, encouraged trade with eastern mediteranian.

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21
Q

Thutmose III

A

Took over as pharaoh once he reached adulthood, great military general.

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22
Q

Ramses II

A

Pharaoh of the New kingdom, ruled for 66 years, pushed Egypt’s control north.

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23
Q

Akhenaton

A

He ordered Priests to worship Atom

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24
Q

Why is the Nile both a blessing and a curse?

A

The Nile could flood and destroy all food, homes, and kill people. On the other hand they lived right next to a river and had a lot of resources.

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25
Q

Who was the first Pharaoh to connect Upper and Lower Egypt?

A

Menes

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26
Q

How was Menes’s leadership ended?

A

He was mauled by a hippopotamus on a hunt.

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27
Q

How was King Djoser’s rule different than previous Pharaohs?

A

He was considered a God because he discovered stone. He was very popular, and was considered immortal.

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28
Q

How did the Egyptians move such large stones for the tomb?

A

They dragged heavy stones by human labor/ and sleds.

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29
Q

Why is it common for Pharaohs to marry their full sisters?

A

Osiris and Isis were brother and sister so therefore, the people thought that it was a right to do it. Egyptians also wanted to keep the bloodline pure.

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30
Q

Explain one theory that provides us with an idea of how Egyptians got the stones to the top of the pyramid.

A

Pulled rock up mud ramps by 20 men

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31
Q

What were the ramps called?

A

Straight, spiral, and a combination of the 2.

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32
Q

What was the name of the first true pyramid to be built?

A

The red pyramid

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33
Q

Who built the red pyramid?

A

Snephru

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34
Q

What did Nubia provide for Sesostris III?

A

Nubia provided Gold

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35
Q

What did Sesotris III do to anyone who would not protect his border of support his rule?

A

He would kill then, by slaughtering men, burning crops, enslave women and children, and poison wells.

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36
Q

How did Hatshepsut become the first female Pharaoh of Egypt?

A

Her husband dies, and her son is given power, but he couldn’t rule alone.

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37
Q

Who probably removed Hatshepsut and any memories about her?

A

Tutmos, her stepson was thought to have killed her, when he reined, her name was banned along with statues and pictures.

38
Q

Ultimately what causes Akenahton to lose his hold on absolute power?

A

He avoided or ignored people/problems outside the city, He tried to convert people to monotheism, while they were already polytheism.

39
Q

What was the significance of scratching out images of Akenahton in his tomb?

A

His subjects did the worst thing possible to him because he didn’t care about his subjects.

40
Q

What did Seti serve as before becoming the Pharaoh that helped him regain Egyptian power?

A

He was Egypt’s supreme army general

41
Q

How many children did Ramses II father?

A

100+ children, but around 220

42
Q

Why does Ramses have so many children?

A

Pharaoh’s were considered to be a bull, so ramses had around 17 wives.

43
Q

What empire finally ended the greatness of the Egyptian Empire?

A

The Romans

44
Q

Who conquered Nubia for Egypt brining great wealth?

A

Sesostris III

45
Q

Attempts to force monotheism on Egyptians

A

Akhenaton

46
Q

Constructs the Great Pyramids at Giza

A

Khufu

47
Q

Minor King whose tomb was found almost untouched

A

Tutankhamen

48
Q

Suspected of removing his regent/ step-mom

A

Thutmose III

49
Q

Restore Egypt after years of decay through conquest and construction

A

Setti

50
Q

First Pharaoh worshipped as a god on Earth

A

Djoser

51
Q

First Egyptian female pharaoh

A

Hatsshepsut

52
Q

Never loses a battle and expands Egypt’s border to its greatest extent.

A

Thutmose III

53
Q

Builds temple room with over 134 massive columns.

A

Setti

54
Q

Signs the world’s first known peace treaty with the Hitties

A

Ramses II

55
Q

Constructs the Red pyramid which is the first true pyramid ever constructed

A

Snefru

56
Q

What are all Egyptians promised by Osiris and Isis?

A

All people would have life after death

57
Q

Has well over 100 children during his reign

A

Ramses II

58
Q

Constructs major military fort at Behan

A

Sesostris III

59
Q

Connects upper and lower Egypt for the first time

A

Menes

60
Q

Attempts to make a 140 foot Obelisk that cracks during construction

A

Hatshepsut

61
Q

Face is scratched out in his temple after he loses control over much of Egypt due to his over emphasis on Religion

A

Akhenaton

62
Q

Horus

A

God of the sky/war, He was born in the Nile, and Watched over Egypt. His mother was Isis and his father was Osiris.

63
Q

Anubis

A

Was the god of embalming, he was the Guide of the dead, weighed the heart against a feather, if it was heavier than you were fed to a demon crocodile. He was related to Ma’at and Ammit

64
Q

Isis

A

The god of Magic, seth cut up her husband, threw him in the Nile, she put him back together, he was never fully alive, he became the god of the dead. Osiris-husband, Horus- son, seth- brother in law.

65
Q

Thoth

A

god of wisdom, time, writing, and the moon. He wrote the book of Thoth, the first spell read that he could understand fish and birds, and the second spell could bring the dead back to life.

66
Q

Ra

A

the god of the sun, he sailed through the sky during the day, and the underworld at night, had power, but Isis tricked him, and give it to her. He was the greatest god.

67
Q

Hathor

A

god of joy, motherhood, and love. Look after all women, her bad side was known as Sekhmet, she was known as the mother, daughter, and wife of Ra.

68
Q

Sekhmet

A

god of the sun. Daughter and sun of Ra, sent to punish mankind, tried to kill them all, Ra gave her a red eye, she passed out, and when she woke up her rampage was over.

69
Q

Nut/Geo

A

nut was the god of the sky, and geo was the god of the Earth. Nut married Ra, and cheated on her with Geb, they had Seth and Osiris, their punishment was no kids, and could only have kids on 5 days of the year.

70
Q

Ma’at

A

god of justice and truth, used the feather to weigh the heart of dead, if the heart was heavier than the feather, it would be fed to a demon, and if the heart was lighter, they would live forever. Ma’at was married to Thoth, daughter of Ra Gave breath of life to all the gods.

71
Q

Bastet

A

the god of cats, originally had a lions head, was the father of Ra, personified playfulness, grace, affection of cats, name= devouring ladies.

72
Q

Apep

A

Former sun god, Apep prevents Ra from raising the sun which would= to stormy weather, priests would prevent this by reading out of a book, he was eventually chopped up and thrown into the Abyss.

73
Q

Seth

A

god of the desert, seth killed Osiris (brother), by putting him in a coffin in the Nile, went to war with Horus, Horus lost his eye, and drove Seth into the sahara Desert.

74
Q

Amun

A

god of creation, he was the god of air before, Amun joined Re- sun god, became Amun-Re, even more powerful.

75
Q

Osiris

A

god of the dead, weighed hear lighter= eternal life, heavier= eaten by demon crocodile. Killed by seth, his is green, has supreme power.

76
Q

What was the purpose of mythology?

A
  • Science was not advanced, Explains how world works
  • Give day to day life meaning- Ethical and moral behavior
  • Explains what happens when you die- Afterlife
  • Entertainment
77
Q

What did the advice to student mean?

A

It was meant to explain that you should not be lazy.

78
Q

What were crimes in judgment?

A

Holding back water, damage streams

79
Q

What was the harm to people and animals

A

Deprived cattle of pasture,

80
Q

Worshiping anything judgment

A

Done what god abounds

81
Q

How did people view Cleopatra?

A

Cleopatra was a beautiful girl, who was highly educated in physics, alchemy, and astronomy. She could speak many languages

82
Q

Why was it important for Rome to ensure Egypt had a stable government?

A

Egypt needed a stable government because they were largest supplier of grain to Rome, and it was vital for Rome’s survival

83
Q

Explain why the Egyptians needed the Romans and the Romans needed the Egyptians.

A

The Romans needed the Egyptians for grain and the Egyptians needed the Romans for their military power/ saftey

84
Q

Explain in detail why Caesar was assassinated

A

Roman’s believed Caesar wanted to make himself king, and that his intentions for Rome were not true, so they killed him.

85
Q

Why did Cleopatra find it necessary to poison her brother?

A

She wanted her brother poisoned so she could elevate her son/ make him her next aire to her power.

86
Q

Outline the result of Anton’s infatuation with Cleopatra

A

First Antony put off his campaign, and later maimed Octavia. Then 3 years later Antony took back his campaign, and turned to Cleopatra which united Rome against him. After Rome declared war against Cleopatra, she ran and Antony committed suicide.

87
Q

What was the ultimate outcome of Anton’s marriage to Cleopatra?

A

The marriage was an insult to Octavia and her brother Octavian, and they united Rome agains Antony.

88
Q

What occurred after cleopatras’s failed attempt to seduce King Herod.

A

Cleopatra’s vanity got the better of her and she never forgave King Herod for the rejection. She then persuaded Antony to give her large portions of Syria and Lebanon, and even parts of Herod’s kingdom. Antony refused to give her Jherico, and her hatred grew for Herod. She then broke up Herod and his wife.

89
Q

How did Octavian respond to Anton’s marriage to Cleopatra?

A

he confiscated Antony’s will from the temple of Vestal Virgins in Rome, and he then leaked the contents. The Roman people were outraged at Antony’s plan to bequeath his Roman processions to a foreign women, and transfer Rome’s capital to Alexandria.

90
Q

How did Antony remove Octavian as the heir to the Roman empire?

A

Antony claimed Caesarian to be Ceasers son

91
Q

What message did Cleopatra send to Antony? What did Antony do in response to Cleopatra’s message.

A

Cleopatra sent a message to Antony saying she was dead and he was so devastated he committed suicide by falling on his sword.

92
Q

Steps that Cleopatra went through that led to Egypt losing independence.

A
  1. Ran away to Syria, came back with army
  2. Sided, traded grain With Rome
  3. Became lovers with Caesar, had caesarian
  4. Sided with Antony
  5. Poisoned brother
  6. Failed to provide money for Antony’s campaign
  7. Married Antony-Rome sided against them
  8. Seduced Herod
  9. Antony proclaimed Caesarian- made Octavian an enemy
  10. Ran away, told Antony she was dead
  11. She let Octavian seize power, committed suicide.

Early History of Mankind (9 decks)

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