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ASC261 > Pregnancy, placentation, gestation > Flashcards

Pregnancy, placentation, gestation Flashcards

1
Q

Define syngamy

A

fusion of male & female pronuclei

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2
Q

Define embryo

A

organism early stages of dev. -> no anatomical form not recognisable as a species

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3
Q

Define conceptus

A

product of conception

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4
Q

Define morula

A

early embryo - has ball of cells called blastomeres

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5
Q

Define blastocyst…

A

develops from morula. has inner cell mass & cavity called blastocoele

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6
Q

Fetus

A

potential offspring recognisable as a given species

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7
Q

Define attachement

A

attachment of conceptus to endometrial wall

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8
Q

Steps required before attachment…

A
  • dev. within zona pelucida (cleavage)
  • hatching of embryo
  • maternal recognition of pregnancy
  • formation of extra embryonic membranes
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9
Q

Redraw early embryonic development

A

Without looking!

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10
Q

Extra embryonic membrane formation…

A
  • pre-attachment period is long
  • rapid embryonic growth mainly due to extra embryonic membrane formation
  • formation of EM essential for embryo to attach to uterus
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11
Q

After hatched blastocyst is formed, what does it require for survival?

A
  • adequate luteal function
  • adequate progesterone synthesis
  • progesterone responsive uterus
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12
Q

Extra embryonic membranes originate from…?

A

mesoderm
endoderm
trophoblast

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13
Q

Amnion is formed from…? how? Characteristics…

A

via invagination of mesodermal & trophectodermal layers

  • encloses fetus in fluid-filled cavity
  • hydraulic protection
  • anti-adhesion material
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14
Q

ICM turns into …?

A

embryo

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15
Q

What forms the yolk sac? Characteristics…

A

expansion of mesoderm cavity & primitive endoderm
- transient (regresses in size as conceptus develops)
-

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16
Q

What forms the allantois? Properties…

A

Primitive gut from the embryo

  • liquid waste from embryo
  • forms fusion with chorion -> allantochorion
  • contains vessels that connect fetus with placental circulation
17
Q

What is the chorion?

A

Outer layer of the embryonic membranes

18
Q

What is the allantochorion?

A

foetal contribution to the placenta

provides surface for attachment

19
Q

Amnionic fluid…

A

secretions from resp. tract & mouth

protective…

20
Q

Allantoic fluid…

A

foetal urine
secretions from allantoic membrane
allantochorion next to endometrium, stores foetal waste not transferable to mother, helps maintain osmotic pressure of foetal plasma

21
Q

Maternal recognition of pregnancy involves…?

A
  • Luteal phase must be maintained (prog. levels must be high -> embryogenesis & attachment)
  • embryo signals presence to the dam
22
Q

Failure of maternal recognition = ?

A

luteolysis, low prog. + termination of pregnancy

23
Q

Describe maternal recognition of pregnancy in the bovine & ovine

A 
INT-t (interferon tau)
day gestation (d15-16 bov., d13-14 ovi.)
produced by embryo -> blocks oxytocin receptors -> block PGF2alpha
24
Q

Describe maternal recognition of pregnancy in swine

A

E2 control -> modifies excretion of PGF2alpha (exocrine PGF2a secretion)
gestation d11-12
endocrine PGF2a -> luteolysis

25
Q

Describe maternal recognition of pregnancy in equine

A

presence & migration of conceptus

gestation d14

26
Q

Placentation…

A
  • Attachment of embryo to endometrial surface
  • formation of placenta (fetal - chorion, maternal - uterine endometrium)
  • metabolic exchange bwn mum & fetus
  • aquisition of endo. function of placenta
27
Q

Placental dev. classification based on…?

A

number of layers

distribution of chorionic villi

28
Q

terminology…

A

prefix - maternal side
suffix - foetal side
eg. epitheliochorial

29
Q

Epitheliochorial found in …? chorionic villi

A

mare - diffuse
sow - diffuse
ruminants - cotyledonary

30
Q

Endotheliochorial found in …?

A

dog & cats - zonary

31
Q

Hemochorial found in …?

A

humans & primates - discoid

32
Q

Classification of chorionic villi? spp?

A

diffuse (mare & sow)
zonary (dogs & cats)
discoid (rodents & primates)
cotyledonary (ruminants)

33
Q

Placentomes are..?

A

cotyledon (fetal) + caruncle (maternal)

34
Q

Placental functions…

A

stimulate ovarian function
maintain pregnancy
stimulate mammary function
assist in parturition

35
Q

Placenta as an endocrine organ…

A

relaxin & placental lactogen
Binucleate giant cells
Endometrial cups

ASC261 (17 decks)

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