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ASC261 > Male anatomy > Flashcards

Male anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Secondary sex organs…?

A

Duct system for transport (eg. epididymis, ductus deferens)

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1
Q

Primary sex organs…? What do they produce?

A

testes which produce male gametes (sperm) & testosterone

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2
Q

Accessory organs…?

A

Provide fluids (eg. prostate gland, ampullae, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral gland)

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3
Q

What are the basic components of the male reproductive tract?

A

spermatic cord, scrotum, testis, excurrent duct system, accessory sex glands, penis & muscles for erection, protrusion, emission & ejaculation

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4
Q

Draw the male reproductive tract

A

slide 4…amongst others

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5
Q

Characteristics of the spermatic cord…?

A
  • Suspends testis through the inguinal canal
  • provides pathways from body -> testis for vasculature, lymph & nerves
  • houses: ductus deferens, cremaster muscles, pampiform plexus
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6
Q

Function of the ductus deferens?

A

transport sperm

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7
Q

Function(s) of the cremaster muscle?

A
  • primary muscle for supporting testis

- aids in temp. control by pumping action of blood thru pampiform plexus

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8
Q

Function of pampiform plexus?

A

heat exchange via venous network
keeps testicular temp 4 to 6 degrees lower than body temp
counter current heat exchanger
- venous blood from testis cools arterial blood to testis
- requires venous blood cooling by direct heat loss thru skin of testis

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9
Q

Learn differences between bull, stallion, boar, dog, tom

A

slide 7-11

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10
Q

Outline the blood supply to the testes…Fill in blood supply on reproductive organs pictures

A

slide 12

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11
Q

Higher testis temps can cause…?

A

lower motility

reduced embryo survival in normal ewes mated to heat treated rams (DNA damage)

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12
Q

What are some other contributors towards thermoreg?

A
  • cremaster muscle (striated muscle can cause short term elevation of testes) - functions to create pumping action -> pampiniform plexus -> enhance cooling
  • sweat glands & thermosensitive nerves on the scrotal skin
  • Tunica dartos (smooth muscle - sustained contractions to keep testes close to body for sustained periods during extreme cold temps)
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13
Q

When are scrotal sweating & thermal polypnea (panting) pathways activated?

A

When scrotal temperature reaches about 39 degree centigrade

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15
Q

Characteristics of the scrotum…?

A
  • 2 lobed sac
  • consists of: skin, tunica dartos, scrotal fascia, parietal vaginal tunic
  • skin has many sweat glands for temp control, thermo sensitive nerves for regulating sweating & resp. rate
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16
Q

Characteristics of the testes…?

A

paired organs

produce spermatozoa, testosterone, fluid to suspend sperm to aid removal from testes

17
Q

Testicular capsule contains…?

A

visceral vaginal tunic & tunica albuginea - help pump sperm around

18
Q

Parenchyma contains…?

A 
tubular compartment (seminiferous tubules)
interstitium (Leydig cells, capillaries, lymph vessels, connective tissue)
19
Q

Seminiferous tubules contain…?

A

seminiferous epithelium
Sertoli cells
developing germ cells
peritubular cells

20
Q

Function of blood - testis barrier?

A

prevents immunologic destruction of developing germ cells

21
Q

Blood testis barrier is formed by…?

A 
peritubular cells (1st barrier)
junctional complexes (tight junctions) between Sertoli Cells (2nd barrier)
22
Q

Sertoli cell secretions…?

A

Androgen binding protein (ABP)
sulfated glycoproteins (SGP) 1 & 2
inhibin
transferrin

23
Q

The excurrent duct system consists of…?

A
  • Efferent ducts - sperm & fluid to the epididymis
  • The epididymal duct - final maturation storage, heat (caput), body (corpus), tail (cauda)
  • Ductus deferens - delivery of sperm to pelvic urethra
24
Q

Accessory sex glands…?

A

Ampullae, seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral gland are the accessory glands and along with epididymis serve to produce seminal plasma (liquid, noncellular portion of semen)

25
Q

Bulbourethral gland is small in which animals?

A

bull
stallion
ram

26
Q

Characteristics of the penis…?

A

copulatory organ

consists of: the base, shaft, glans penis

27
Q

Boars, bulls & rams have what kind of penis’?

A

fibroelastic penises with limited erectile tissue
contain sigmoid flexure (allows retracting of penis within sheath) controlled by retractor penis muscles
NO INCREASE IN DIAMETER

28
Q

A bit about the shaft…

A

spongy erectile tissue
corpus cavernosum
corpus spongiosum surrounds penile urethra

29
Q

The penis of the stallion & dog…the similarities…

A

have musculo-cavernous penis
sigmoid flexure is absent
diameter of penis increases during erection

30
Q

The unique aspects of the dog penis…?

A

2 distinct regions
Bulbus glandis - responsible for the copulatory lock (dog tie) during copulation
Pars longa glandis

31
Q

Penis shape in a boar?

A

corkscrew shaped glans penis

32
Q

Glans penis of tom cat has which structures?

A

spines that are androgen dependent

33
Q

From scrotal skin to testis (layers)…

A

scrotal skin, tunica dartos, scrotal fascia, parietal vaginal tunic, vaginal cavity, visceral vaginal tunic, tunica albuginea

34
Q

Events of erection…

A

blood pumped by IcM -> corpus cavernosum & corpus spongiosum -> elongation and straightening of sigmoid flexure -> penis protrudes from prepuce

35
Q

Events of intromission…

A

entry of penis into vagina

36
Q

Events of emission…

A

movement of ejaculate of along ductus deferens -> urethra -> mixed with secretions from accessory glands

37
Q

Events of ejaculation…

A

Ejection of semen from the penis involving -> contraction of urethralis & bulbospongiosus muscle (sometimes free end of penis spirals)

38
Q

Which species have urethral process’?

A

ram & stallion

ASC261 (17 decks)

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