Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ASC261 > Female anatomy > Flashcards

Female anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 9 major structures of the female repro. system?

A
  • ovaries
  • oviducts
  • uterus
  • cervix
  • vagina
  • vestibule
  • vulva
  • clitoris
  • mammary gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Produces gametes & hormones…?

A

ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Gamete transport; site of fertilisation; pre-attachment dev. of embryo…?

A

oviducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Sperm transport; support pregnancy; expulsion of foetus; hormone prod…?

A

uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Physical barrier; secretes mucous during oestrus; creates a cervical plug during pregnancy…?

A

cervix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Organ of copulation…?

A

vagina, vestibule & vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Regarding the dev. of the uterus…which structure gives rise to the uterus & vagina?

A

paramesonephric ducts (PD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Regarding the dev. of the uterus…which structure gives rise to the bladder, urethra & vestibule?

A

urogenital sinus (UGS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 4 layers of the tubular tract? (outer to inner/lumen)

A

serosa, muscularis, sub-mucosa, mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Characteristics of serosa…?

A

single-layered squamous cells that cover the surface of the reproductive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Characteristics of muscularis…?

A

usually a double layer of smooth muscle with outer longitudinal layer & inner circular layer
provides tubular components with the ability to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Characteristics of sub-mucosa…?

A

Varying thickness depending on anatomical region of the tract.
Houses blood vessels, nerves & lymphatics
Also supports mucosal layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Characteristics of mucosa…?

A

Lines the lumen in each part of the female reproductive tract.
A secretory layer that differs in function depending on tract region.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which structures do the broad ligaments support/suspend?

A

ovaries, oviduct, uterus, cervix and anterior vagina from the body wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Broad ligaments are a continuation of…?

A

a continuation of the peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What do the broad ligaments house?

A

blood vessels, lymphatics & nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 components of the broad ligament/oviduct…?

A
  • mesovarium
  • mesosalpinx
  • mesometrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Characteristics of the mesovarium?

A

attaches & supports the ovary

forms a hilus that houses blood vessels, lymphatics & nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Characteristics of the mesosalpinx?

A

supports the oviducts & forms a bursa-like pouch that surrounds the ovary
orientates the infundibulum at the time of egg release

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Characteristics of the mesometrium?

A

supports the uterine horns & body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Characteristics of the ovary…?

A
  • very dynamic organ
  • ovoid & dense structure
  • responsible for production of hormones - oestrogen & progesterone
  • has a cortex & medulla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ovary is supported by which structure?

A

mesovarium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Primary function of the ovary?

A

to produce gametes (ova)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Which structure attaches ovary to the uterus?

A

utero-ovarian ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the important structures on the ovary…?

A

follicle, corpus haemorrhagicum, corpus luteum, corpus albicans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the ovary follicle types?

A

primordial, primary, secondary, antral/graafian follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

In which animal/species is the ovulation fossa found?

A

equine ovaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Where are ovarian follicles found?

A

ovarian cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

List & describe the ovarian follicles…

A

Primordial - most immature & smallest
Primary - oocyte surrounded by single layer of cell
Secondary - same as primary with 2+ layers of cells & no cavity (antrum); oocyte surrounded by zona pellucida
Developing Antral (tertiary) - same as 2nd’ry but with antrum filled with follicular fluid
Antral/Graaffian - mature tertiary follicle that becomes a pre-ovulatory follicle

30
Q

What are the layers of the antral follicle? Outer -> inner

A

Theca externa, theca interna, granulosa

31
Q

3 parts of the oviduct…?

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus

32
Q

Characteristics of the infundibulum…?

A

ovarian end of the oviduct
funnel-shaped
surface covered with fimbriae
catches the ova at the time of ovulation

33
Q

Characteristics of the ampulla…?

A

central part of oviduct; larger diameter
ciliated epithelium
covers more than half the length of oviduct

34
Q

Characteristics of the isthmus…?

A

smaller in diameter
connects oviduct to the uterus at the utero-tubal junction
has thicker muscle wall & fewer mucosal folds

35
Q

Where does fertilisation take place?

A

Ampullary-isthmus junction

36
Q

Functions of the oviduct?

A

Transport oocytes & spermatozoa -> site of fertilisation
Provide optimum environment for unfertilised oocyte & spermatozoa for survival
Provides congenial/suitable environment for developing embryo before it enters the uterus

37
Q

Characteristics & function of the Ovarian Bursa

A

A pouch formed around the ovary by the mesosalpinx & mesovarium
Function: role to ensure the ovulated egg is picked up by the oviduct

38
Q

Ovarian Bursa poorly developed in the…?

A

cow & ewe

39
Q

Ovarian Bursa very prominent in the…?

A

sow

40
Q

Draw the Ovarian Bursa (in a cow) & surrounding structures

A

slide 27…

41
Q

Draw the Oviduct (in a cow) & surrounding structures

A

slide 24…

42
Q

Draw the Ovary (in a cow) & surrounding structures including different follicle stages

A

slide 21 & 22…

43
Q

In which animal is the Ovarian Bursa a shallow sac that does NOT contain the ovary?

A

mare

44
Q

The Ovarian Bursa is a deep enclosure that surrounds the entire ovary in which animal(s)?

A

bitch

rodent

45
Q

5 functions of the uterus…?

A
  1. Sperm transport
  2. Luteolysis & control of cyclicity
  3. Support pre- & post-attachment pregnancy
  4. Contributes to formation of placenta
  5. Expulsion of the foetus & foetal membrane
46
Q

3 types of uteri…?

A
  • duplex: 2 cervical canals, 2 uterine compartments
  • bicornuate: 2 poorly/moderately/highly developed uterine horns; single cervix & vaginal canal
  • simplex: no uterine horns; single cervix & vagina
47
Q

Duplex uteri are seen in which animals?

A

marsupials - 2 seperate vaginal canals

rabbits - single vaginal canal

48
Q

Bicornuate uteri are seen in which animals?

A

mare & cow - poorly to moderately developed uterine horns

bitch, queen & sow - highly developed uterine horns

49
Q

Simplex uteri are seen in which animals?

A

primates - single chambered uterus with no uterine horns

50
Q

Layers of the uterus…?

A

Endometrium (mucosa + submucosa)
Myometrium (inner circular + outer longitudinal)
Perimetrium (serosa)

51
Q

Functions of the endometrium…?

A
  • secretions of mucosa to enhance embryo dev. & sperm viability
  • submucosa is supporting tissue & houses endometrial (uterine) glands -> secrete prostaglandin F2alpha -> death of corpus luteum
  • non-glandular part (caruncles) -> forms maternal side of placenta
52
Q

What are caruncles? Which animals are they found in?

A

non-glandular, highly vascularised areas that form maternal side of placenta in cows & ewes

53
Q

What do mares & sows have instead of caruncles?

A

endometrial folds that develop into the placenta

54
Q

ask about blood supply to the reproductive tract.

A

ovarian artery & utero-ovarian vein…?

55
Q

Characteristics of the cervix…?

A
  • forms a physical barrier preventing contaminants entering uterus
  • produces mucous (thin & clear) during oestrus -> lubricates vagina
  • creates mucous plug (thick & viscous) forming cervical seal of pregnancy
  • site for semen deposition in sows
  • sperm selection & transport (prevents excessive numbers)
56
Q

Draw the cervix & surrounding structures…

A

slide 52…

57
Q

Difference in cervix of cow/ewe vs sow…?

A

In the sow, the cervical rings interdigitate ie. interlock

58
Q

Cervix in the mare…?

A

Contains longitudinal cervical folds

59
Q

Cervix in bitches…?

A

Relatively smooth without rings or folds

60
Q

Characteristics of the vagina/vestibule…?

A
  • copulatory organ
  • passive birth canal during parturition
  • vestibule harbours urethral opening
  • Contains Bartholin’s/Vestibular glands in vestibular submucosa -> secrete mucous like material during oestrus
61
Q

Cranial vagina originates from?

A

paramesonephric ducts

62
Q

Caudal vagina (vestibule) originates from?

A

urogenital sinus

63
Q

What does the junction of the cranial & caudal vagina form? Why is it important?

A

vestibulo-vaginal sphinctor - 2nd barrier to uterus

64
Q

In which animals is the suburethral diverticulum present?

A

cow & sow

65
Q

Draw the vagina & all structures. Include cranial & caudal vagina and the different cell types within them.

A

slide 56

66
Q

Cranial vagina is lined with which types of cells? What is their function?

A

Lined with columnar epithelial cells - secretory function

67
Q

Caudal vagina is lined with which types of cells? What is their function?

A

Lined with stratified squamous cells - protective function

68
Q

Characteristics of the vulva…?

A
  • external part of reproductive tract
  • has 2 labia forming vulval seal (1st physical barrier preventing uterine contamination)
  • has a dorsal & ventral commisure
69
Q

Characteristics of the clitoris…?

A
  • female homologue of penis
  • located in the ventral commisure of the vestibule in the clitoral fossa
  • clitoris becomes erect during oestrus
  • very prominent in mares when in oestrus
70
Q

T or F - Clitoral stimulation can increase pregnancy rates in cows?

A

True

71
Q

T or F - The clitoris is a major site for harbouring infectious organisms in mares?

A

Very true!

72
Q

3 structures of the clitoris…?

A
  1. vestibule
  2. clitoris
  3. clitoral fossa

ASC261 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions