Pregnancy Pathophysiology Flashcards
When does a spontaneous abortion take place?
Prior to 20 weeks gestation
How is recurrent abortion defined?
2-3 spontaneous abortions
How is a threatened abortion defined?
Symptoms of abortion (i.e. cramping/bleeding) but fetus remains viable and os closed
Approximately how many pregnancies in the first trimester result in spontaneous abortion associated with genetic abnormalities?
30%
What is an inevitable abortion?
Os is open, POC will be passed
What is the most common reason for spontaneous abortion?
Genetic alterations
What maternal abnormalities can cause spontaneous abortion?
Fibroids
Intrauterine scarring
Trauma
Cervical insufficiency
What are the pathogens most commonly associated with septic abortion?
Enterobacteriaceae
Strep
Staph
What structure supports nutrients and development of the fetus?
Yolk Sac
What cells initially become the placenta?
Syncytiotrophoblasts
What day of gestation does the fetal heart begin to contract?
Day 21
What day of gestation does the placenta develop function?
Day 16
What is placental abruption?
Premature seperation (can be partial or completion) of placental form to end of uterine lining
Where does the placenta develop in placenta previa?
Over the cervix
What increases the risk of placenta previa?
C-section, multiple gestation, or other trauma
Where does an ectopic most commonly occur?
Fallopian Tube
What is the number one risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?
Previous ectopic pregnancy
What is the presentation of ectopic pregnancy?
- POOP typically 6-8 wks after LMP
- Pain typically along one of the lower quadrants
- Vaginal bleeding
- Maybe in shock
- Syncope
What medication can be used early in pregnancy to abort an ectopic pregnancy?
Methotrexate
What is the problem for the fetus in cord prolapse?
Decreased oxygen to the fetus
When does preeclampsia typically present?
Typically 2nd trimester
If spiral arteries remain narrow during pregnancy what will result?
Placenta hypoperfusion
What is the treatment for eclampsia?
Magnesium and deliver fetus
Seizures are a common presenting symptom in what pregnancy complication?
Eclampsia
What contents make up the membranes?
Fibrous tissue made up of collagen and laminin
What is premature rupture of membranes (PROM)?
Membranes rupture, allowing for release of amniotic fluid, prior to beginning of uterine contractions
What condition does PROM lead to?
Oligohydramnios
How much pressure is on the fetus during each contraction?
25lb
When do the membranes typically rupture?
Once the cervix is fully dilated
When does secondary postpartum hemorrhage occur?
24hr-12wks after delivery
When does primary postpartum hemorrhage occur?
Within 24 hours of delivery
When does an amniotic embolism typically occur?
During labor or immediate postpartum
What are some risk factors for amniotic embolism?
- Premature delivery
- Advanced maternal age
- Abnormal attachment site of placenta
- Preeclampsia
- C-section
- Polyhydramnios
When is mom at risk for developing cardiomyopathy during pregnancy?
Typically third trimester or after delivery
What are the risk factors associated with cardiomyopathy during pregnancy?
- Advanced maternal age
- Multiple gestation
- Hypertension
- African decent
- Cocaine
When mom has a known collagen disorder or cardiac malformation what is she at high risk for?
Arterial dissection or rupture
Is there bleeding associated with a complete placental abruption?
No, blood is contained within the uterus
