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Women's Health > Pregnancy Pathophysiology > Flashcards

Pregnancy Pathophysiology Flashcards

1
Q

When does a spontaneous abortion take place?

A

Prior to 20 weeks gestation

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2
Q

How is recurrent abortion defined?

A

2-3 spontaneous abortions

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3
Q

How is a threatened abortion defined?

A

Symptoms of abortion (i.e. cramping/bleeding) but fetus remains viable and os closed

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4
Q

Approximately how many pregnancies in the first trimester result in spontaneous abortion associated with genetic abnormalities?

A

30%

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5
Q

What is an inevitable abortion?

A

Os is open, POC will be passed

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6
Q

What is the most common reason for spontaneous abortion?

A

Genetic alterations

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7
Q

What maternal abnormalities can cause spontaneous abortion?

A

Fibroids
Intrauterine scarring
Trauma
Cervical insufficiency

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8
Q

What are the pathogens most commonly associated with septic abortion?

A

Enterobacteriaceae
Strep
Staph

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9
Q

What structure supports nutrients and development of the fetus?

A

Yolk Sac

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10
Q

What cells initially become the placenta?

A

Syncytiotrophoblasts

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11
Q

What day of gestation does the fetal heart begin to contract?

A

Day 21

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12
Q

What day of gestation does the placenta develop function?

A

Day 16

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13
Q

What is placental abruption?

A

Premature seperation (can be partial or completion) of placental form to end of uterine lining

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14
Q

Where does the placenta develop in placenta previa?

A

Over the cervix

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15
Q

What increases the risk of placenta previa?

A

C-section, multiple gestation, or other trauma

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16
Q

Where does an ectopic most commonly occur?

A

Fallopian Tube

17
Q

What is the number one risk factor for ectopic pregnancy?

A

Previous ectopic pregnancy

18
Q

What is the presentation of ectopic pregnancy?

A
  • POOP typically 6-8 wks after LMP
  • Pain typically along one of the lower quadrants
  • Vaginal bleeding
  • Maybe in shock
  • Syncope
19
Q

What medication can be used early in pregnancy to abort an ectopic pregnancy?

A

Methotrexate

20
Q

What is the problem for the fetus in cord prolapse?

A

Decreased oxygen to the fetus

21
Q

When does preeclampsia typically present?

A

Typically 2nd trimester

22
Q

If spiral arteries remain narrow during pregnancy what will result?

A

Placenta hypoperfusion

23
Q

What is the treatment for eclampsia?

A

Magnesium and deliver fetus

24
Q

Seizures are a common presenting symptom in what pregnancy complication?

A

Eclampsia

25
Q

What contents make up the membranes?

A

Fibrous tissue made up of collagen and laminin

26
Q

What is premature rupture of membranes (PROM)?

A

Membranes rupture, allowing for release of amniotic fluid, prior to beginning of uterine contractions

27
Q

What condition does PROM lead to?

A

Oligohydramnios

28
Q

How much pressure is on the fetus during each contraction?

A

25lb

29
Q

When do the membranes typically rupture?

A

Once the cervix is fully dilated

30
Q

When does secondary postpartum hemorrhage occur?

A

24hr-12wks after delivery

31
Q

When does primary postpartum hemorrhage occur?

A

Within 24 hours of delivery

32
Q

When does an amniotic embolism typically occur?

A

During labor or immediate postpartum

33
Q

What are some risk factors for amniotic embolism?

A
  • Premature delivery
  • Advanced maternal age
  • Abnormal attachment site of placenta
  • Preeclampsia
  • C-section
  • Polyhydramnios
34
Q

When is mom at risk for developing cardiomyopathy during pregnancy?

A

Typically third trimester or after delivery

35
Q

What are the risk factors associated with cardiomyopathy during pregnancy?

A
  • Advanced maternal age
  • Multiple gestation
  • Hypertension
  • African decent
  • Cocaine
36
Q

When mom has a known collagen disorder or cardiac malformation what is she at high risk for?

A

Arterial dissection or rupture

37
Q

Is there bleeding associated with a complete placental abruption?

A

No, blood is contained within the uterus

Women's Health (14 decks)

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