1000ft View Women's Health Flashcards
What structure most commonly is damaged (fractured) during childbirth due to it being an anatomic ring?
Pubic symphysis
What is the difference between a male and female pelvis?
Female pelvis bones are lighter, thinner and cavity is wide and shallow
Coccyx is more flexible in women
What is the mons and it’s function?
Fatty mount anterior to pubic bone
*cushion during intercourse and secretes pheromones
What structures does the labia protect?
Urethra and vaginal openings
What are within the vestibule of the vagina?
Urethra, vestibular gland and external vaginal orifice
What branch of the nervous system innervates the Bartholin glands?
Parasympathetic nervous system and is stimulated during times of arousal
The release of what substances causes tissues to become erect?
Acetylcholine and nitric oxide
Where are the afferent fibers via the sensory ganglia that supply the vagina located?
S2-S4
What type of tissue makes up the cervix?
Primarily fibrous tissue, contains less muscle tone than uterus
What position does the uterus typically lay?
Typically sits in anteverted position laying over the bladder
What layer is involved in monthly menses and is shed?
Endometrium
What ligament supports the uterus posterior and inferiorly?
Round ligament
What ligament attaches the uterus and ovary?
Ovarian ligament
The mesometrium of the broad ligament supports what structure?
Uterus
The mesosalpinx of the broad ligament supports what structure?
Fallopian tube
The mesovarium of the broad ligament supports what structure?
Ovary
The proliferative phase of the uterine cycle is influenced by what hormone?
Estrogen
The secretory phase of the uterine cycle is influenced by what hormone?
Progesterone
What is the definition of follicle?
Sac containing unfertilized oocyte
What is the definition of oocyte?
Developing egg
What is the definition of ovum?
Mature egg (through oogenesis)
What cell type give nutrients to the ovum for development?
Granulosa cells
Which hormone levels are increased at the beginning of the cycle that increase follicular growth?
FSH and LH
Where does the egg and sperm usually meet up?
Ampula
LH will stimulate the corpus luteum to produce what hormones, and which one is in dominance?
Progesterone and estrogen, progesterone is in dominance
Estrogen is primarily made in the ovaries, but where else is it made?
Zona reticularis within the adrenal gland
Increased estrogen levels in times of puberty and pregnancy will lead to what changes?
- Enlargement of sex organs
- Breast development
- Vaginal cellular change from cuboidal to stratified
- Cilia in the fallopian tubes
In an orgasm, what hormone is released causing uterine contractions?
Oxytocin
What muscle contracts during an orgasm to improve transport of the sperm?
Perineal muscles
What is anovulation?
No viable follicles or corpus luteum
How long does menopause last?
1-8 years
How long does the cessation of menses need to be in order for it to be defined as true menopause?
12 months
Is estrogen cardio-protective?
Yes, why women are at a lower risk of an MI before menopause but risk becomes equal to men once post-menopausal
A lack of sex hormones will cause
- Hot flashes
- Irritability
- Fatigue
- Anxiety
- Increased osteoclastic activity
What are the three layers (areas) of the broad ligament?
Mesosalpinx supports the fallopian tube
Mesovarium supports the ovary
Mesometrium supports the uterus
What is the average age of menopause?
51 years in the U.S.
What are symptoms associated with menopause or loss of estrogen?
Hot flashes
Irritability
Insomnia
What is the most common reason women seek medical treatment in menopause?
Vasomotor impairment (hot flashes, night sweats, insomina)
What is the treatment for dyspareunia in menopause?
personal lubricants and moisturizers, vaginal estradiol
