Contraceptives

Question 1

What is the menstrual cycle controlled by?

Answer 1

• GnRH from the hypothalamus
• FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary
• Estrogen, progesterone and testosterone

Question 2

What are the 5 broad types of contraception options?

Answer 2

• Long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs)
• Short-acting hormonal methods
• Barrier methods
• Emergency contraceptives
• Sterilization

Question 3

What is the natural family planning contraception method?

Answer 3

Involves no hormones, devices or procedures. Women tracks her calendar cycle and body temperature.

*Lots of women get pregnant with tracking lactation while breastfeeding, only effective up to 6 months

Question 4

What are the non-hormonal contraceptive options?

Answer 4

• Copper IUD
• Diaphragm
• Cervical cap

Question 5

What are the side effects of estrogen contraceptives?

Answer 5

• Nausea
• HA
• Elevated BP
• Wt. gain
• Decreased libido
• VTE risk
• Dyslipidemia

Question 6

What are the side effects of progesterone contraceptives?

Answer 6

• Hirsutism
• Acne
• Menstrual irregularities
• Spotting
• Wt. gain
• Changes in BMD

Question 7

Due to elevated VTE risk, estrogen contraceptives should be avoided in what groups?

Answer 7

• Smokers > 35 y.o.
• < 30 days postpartum
• PMH or high risk for CVD

Question 8

What is the name of the hormonal long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARC)?

Answer 8

Levnorgesterel IUD

Brand Names: Mirena, Skyla, Kyleena

Question 9

How long do non-hormonal LARC’s last?

Answer 9

Up to 12 years

Question 10

How long do hormonal LARC’s last?

Answer 10

3-5 years

Question 11

What are the types of emergency contraception?

Answer 11

• Copper IUD
• Ulipristal (Ella)
• Plan B or generic