Pregnancy/Loss/Misalliance/Dystocia Flashcards
When should you advise an owner to switch a pregnant dog from adult food to all life stages or puppy food?
(At the pregnancy check at 28 days)
Progesterone needs to be greater than what value to maintain pregnancy in a dog?
(>2ng/ml)
What day of pregnancy should fenbendazole deworming occur?
(41 days)
What day of pregnancy should prewhelping radiographs be taken?
(56 days)
What day of pregnancy should the ultrasound pregnancy check be performed?
(28 days)
If a dog presents for a pregnancy check at 28 days and you note resorption sites, what should you do next?
(Optimally you would have already done a thorough physical exam and if not, do one now; if dog appears systemically fine, have them come back in a few days for another check to see if resorption is progressing or not, if it is then further diagnostics are called for)
(T/F) Physiologic embryonic resorption does not affect normal litter size.
(T, occurs when there is genetic abnormality of an embryo or if there is overcrowding)
What are some bacterial causative agents of embryonic resorption/abortion? 8 answers, definitely don’t need to get them all.
(Brucella canis, E. coli, Staph, Strep, Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella, Mycoplasma, and Ureaplasma)
What are some viral causative agents of embryonic resorption/abortion? 4 answers, definitely don’t need to get them all
(Canine herpes virus 1, parvovirus, distemper, canine adenovirus 1)
Progesterone slowly increases/decreases (choose) as pregnancy progresses in dogs.
(Decreases, usually >20ng/ml for first half and >5ng/ml for second half)
When monitoring a dog that is close to whelping, she will whelp within 24 hours of her temperature reaching what value?
(99 F)
(T/F) You should confirm pregnancy prior to using prostaglandin treatment to terminate a potential pregnancy.
(T)
How long can you wait after a misalliance to spay a dog?
(2 weeks, want to wait for heat to end but not too long as to complicate the surgery)
(T/F) Embryo implantation occurs around day 19-21 in dogs, aglepristone must be given prior to that point to work.
(F, aglepristone can be given up to 45 days after a misalliance occurs, if it is given prior to implantation, it prevent implantation and if it is given after, it induces resorption)
The first stage of labor usually lasts 6-12 hours but may be longer in what cases?
(Primiparous bitches)
The second stage of labor usually lasts 2-12 hours but may last up to 24 hours in what cases?
(Large litters)
What is the normal presentation of chorioallantoic fluid?
(Clear yellow fluid)
(T/F) Lochia should not pass prior to the first puppy being born.
(T, this is a sign of dystocia)
Greater than what time interval between puppies is a sign of dystocia?
(>2-3 hours)
What are two ways to approximately age fetuses in utero when the breeding may not have been well managed, and when in gestation can those methods be used?
(Biparietal diameter during late gestation and inner chorionic cavity diameter in early gestation)
(T/F) It is never normal for a fetus to have a heart rate below 190-200.
(F, can be normal during active uterine contractions but if there are no contractions, then it is abnormal)
What two things do you look for to indicate appropriate fetal maturity, which can develop anywhere from 1-4 days prior to whelping?
(Continuous fetal GI peristalsis and clear corticomedullary distinction in the kidneys)
Medical dystocia management should only be pursued when there are how many puppies left to deliver?
(2-4, 2 is Dr. Balogh’s suggestion but a textbook says 4)
Why can putting the delivered puppies on a dam to nurse aid in the birth of additional puppies?
(Triggers the release of oxytocin)
What are the normal signs of the first stage of labor and how long can it last before it is considered abnormal?
(Normal signs are nesting, panting, and anorexia and it can last up to 18 hours)
After you note the body temperature of a bitch drops, there should be labor signs within what time period otherwise you should call a vet?
(Should be labor signs within 24 hours of temp drop and if that doesn’t start, call a vet)
What is the maximum time stage two should take for the first puppy versus the subsequent puppies?
(First puppy should be out in an hour once active labor begins, subsequent puppies should be out in 30 minutes; if time goes over in either of those cases, call a vet)
If it takes longer than what time for a bitch to start labor again between puppies, you should call a vet?
(>3 hours between puppies)
Anytime what two types of discharge are seen associated with whelping, a vet should be called immediately?
(Black discharge or a moderate to large amount of fresh blood)
What three things are caused by administration of prostaglandins?
(Luteolysis, myometrial contractions, and cervical dilation)
In what scenarios is 10% calcium gluconate administered to whelping bitches?
(It she is hypocalcemia or in a eucalcemic dam 15 minutes prior to administering oxytocin to help with contractions)
How many times can oxytocin be used per puppy?
(1-2x)
What is the maximum dose per dog per whole treatment of oxytocin?
(20IU)
For the cases listed below, state if medical management/vaginal delivery versus C-section are correct treatment options:
Obstruction with an abnormal fetal presentation/position/posture or fetal size
(Medical and c-section viable options)
For the cases listed below, state if medical management/vaginal delivery versus C-section are correct treatment options:
Obstruction due to abnormal birth canal
(C-section only viable option)
For the cases listed below, state if medical management/vaginal delivery versus C-section are correct treatment options:
Primary uterine inertia
(C-section)
For the cases listed below, state if medical management/vaginal delivery versus C-section are correct treatment options:
Secondary uterine inertia with an obstruction
(Medical and c-section viable options)
For the cases listed below, state if medical management/vaginal delivery versus C-section are correct treatment options:
Secondary uterine inertia without an obstruction
(Medical and c-section viable options)
