Breeding Management and Soundness Exam

Question 1

Brucella canis induces abortion by causing what pathology in the bitch?

Answer 1

(Placentitis)

Question 2

What is the best test for canine brucellosis?

Answer 2

(Cornell multiplex test)

Question 3

(T/F) The rate of increase of progesterone in the blood of a bitch equates to the rate of maturation of her ovulated oocysts.

Answer 3

(T)

Question 4

Pair the following:

A - < 1ng/ml progesterone
B - 2 ng/ml progesterone
C - 5 ng/ml progesterone

D - Ovulation
E - No luteal tissue present
F - LH peak

Answer 4

A - < 1ng/ml progesterone (E)
B - 2 ng/ml progesterone (F)
C - 5 ng/ml progesterone (D)

Question 5

Progesterone testing should occur every other day starting on day 5-7 of a bitch’s cycle (unless they are known to ovulate early), how do you figure out what day one is?

Answer 5

(Day one is when they start having vulvar discharge)

Question 6

(T/F) Shipped chilled semen is equivalent to fresh semen in terms of how long it lasts in the reproductive tract of the bitch.

Answer 6

(T)

Question 7

Describe the natural breeding method.

Answer 7

(Breed every other day as long as the bitch is standing after you identify ovulation via progesterone testing)

Question 8

Frozen semen needs to be placed on a bitch’s most fertile day, how can you figure that out using both ovulation or LH peak?

Answer 8

(3-4 days post ovulation or 5-7 days post LH peak, look at the progesterone timeline and go from there)

Question 9

What is the due date for dogs post LH peak, ovulation, and diestral shift?

Answer 9

(65 post LH peak, 63 post ovulation, 57 post diestral shift)

Question 10

Pregnancy should be checked how many days after ovulation in a bitch?

Answer 10

(28 days)

Question 11

When is the average peak fertility in male dogs?

Answer 11

(2-4 years)

Question 12

When is the average peak freezability in male dogs?

Answer 12

(2-5 years)

Question 13

Why are overweight dogs likely to be less fertile than normal conditioned dogs?

Answer 13

(Dogs tend to deposit fat in their scrotum and fat holds heat and heat is a no no for sperm)

Question 14

Do thyroid, parathyroid, or adrenal (choose) endocrine abnormalities lead to infertility?

Answer 14

(Adrenal)

Question 15

What class of flea/tick meds can impact fertility?

Answer 15

(Isoxazolines, target rapidly dividing cells which sperm cells definitely are)

Question 16

If you are presented with a stud dog that has oddly low sperm cells and bad morphology/motility that usually has good numbers, you’re going to ask about meds and disease within how many days of his presentation to you?

Answer 16

(60 days, that’s how long spermatogenesis takes)

Question 17

Describe what is contained in each of the fractions of ejaculate.

Answer 17

(First - whatever was in the urethra at the time, some prostatic fluid and +/- urine, second - sperm-rich, third - prostatic fluid only)

Question 18

(T/F) Dogs do not need an LH peak to ovulate.

Answer 18

(T)

Question 19

Ovulation can last anywhere from 12 hours to how long in dogs, and what type of oocyst do they ovulate?

Answer 19

(12-36 hours, primary oocysts)

Question 20

The time it takes for a primary oocyst to become a secondary oocyte in dogs is a range, what is that range?

Answer 20

(48-72 hours, this is tied to P4 levels which will increase as the oocyst matures)

Question 21

How long is the fertilization phase in dogs which is the time period after the maturation phase and before the oocyst becomes unfertalizable and/or dead?

Answer 21

(12-24 hours)

Question 22

How long does shipped chilled semen last versus frozen semen?

Answer 22

(Shipped chilled → 5-7 days, frozen → 12-24 hours, 12 more likely than 24 hours)

Question 23

What types of semen can be used for vaginal artificial insemination?

Answer 23

(Fresh or shipped chilled)

Question 24

What types of semen can be used for transcervical and surgical artificial insemination?

Answer 24

(Fresh, shipped chilled, and frozen)

Question 25

Fenbendazole deworming should occur how many days post ovulation?

Answer 25

(41 days)

Question 26

Pre-whelping radiographs should occur how many days post ovulation?

Answer 26

(56 days)

Question 27

You should evaluate the gross motility of a sperm sample at what microscopic magnification?

Answer 27

(10x)

Question 28

You should evaluate individual sperm cell motility with what microscopic magnification?

Answer 28

(40x)

Question 29

What type of movement should you be evaluating individual sperm cells for?

Answer 29

(Progressive linear movement)

Question 30

Morphology of sperm cells should always be evaluated with what microscopic magnification and technique?

Answer 30

(100x oil immersion)

Question 31

What is the normal number of sperm cells in ejaculate per kg in body weight?

Answer 31

(20 million per kg)

Question 32

When using a hemacytometer to evaluate the concentration of sperm in a sample, how much does the sample need to be diluted?

Answer 32

(Needs to be diluted 10 to 1)

Question 33

What are some of the normal flora of the prepuce that will interfere with culture results if you choose to culture sperm/prostatic fluid?

Answer 33

(Staphs, streps, pasteurella, mycoplasma, and E. col)

Question 34

How long does spermatogenesis take?

Answer 34

(60 days)

Question 35

Pair the following color with which ejaculate fraction should be that color:

Slightly cloudy

Answer 35

(Pre-sperm)

Question 36

Pair the following color with which ejaculate fraction should be that color:

Greyish white

Answer 36

(Sperm rich)

Question 37

Pair the following color with which ejaculate fraction should be that color:

Crystal clear

Answer 37

(Prostatic/postsperm)

Question 38

What breed of dog is predisposed to urethral prolapses?

Answer 38

(Bulldogs)

Question 39

Can both neutered and intact dogs have normal preputial discharge and what would you see on cytology if you sampled it?

Answer 39

(Yes both can have normal preputial discharge, will see WBC and debris on cytology)