Pregnancy complications - Miscarriage Flashcards
What is the definition of a miscarriage?
Termination/loss of pregnancy before 24 weeks gestation with no evidence of life
What are features of a threatened miscarriage?
- Viable pregnancy
- Vaginal bleeding +/- pain
- Closed cervical Os
Is the cervical Os open or closed in a threatened miscarriage?
Closed
What are features of an inevitable miscarriage?
- Viable pregnancy
- Open cervix
- PV bleeding
Is the cervical Os open or closed in an inevitable miscarriage?
Open
What are features of an incomplete miscarriage?
- Most of pregnancy contents expelled out - some remaining in uterus
- Open cervix
- Vaginal bleeding - may be heavy
Is the cervical Os open or closed in an incomplete miscarriage?
Open
What are features of a complete miscarriage?
- Passed all products of conception
- Cervix closed
- No bleeding
What are causes of septic miscarriage?
- Incomplete misarriage
- Therapeutic abortion
What is the defintion of recurrent miscarriage?
Three or more consecutive miscarriages
What are features of a missed miscarriage?
- Getational sac seen
- No clear foetus
What can cause miscarriage?
- Abnormal conceptus - Chromosomal, genetic, structural
- Uterine abnormality - Congenital, fibroids
- Cervical incompetence- Primary, secondary
- Maternal - Increasing age, diabetes
- Unknown
What are possible endocrine causes of recurrent miscarriage?
- Diabetes mellitus
- Thyroid disorders
- PCOS
What are infectious causes of recurrent miscarriage?
- BV
- CMV
- Rubella
- Malaria
- Trypanosomiasis
- Listeria
- Mycoplasma
What autimmune disorders can cause recurrent miscarriage?
- Antiphospholipid syndrome
- SLE