Pregnancy

Question 1

when can pregnancy occur

Answer 1

menstrual cycle 28 days

Question 2

when does ovulation occur

Answer 2

around or on day 14

Question 3

signs of pregnancy

Answer 3

presumptive:
Missed period
Morning sickness, fatigue
increase in size and tenderness of breasts

probable:
increase in frequency of urination
increase in size of abdomen
positive pregnancy test (urinalysis)

Question 4

how accurate are home pregnancy tests

Answer 4

99%

Question 5

how can you tell from urine that you are pregenant

Answer 5

presence of Human Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

Question 6

how can pregnancy be confirmed

Answer 6

pregnancy test confirmed by blood test and pelvic exam
e.g. cervix softens by the sixth week
observation of fetus by ultrasound, fetal heartbeat
fetal movement - “quickening”

Question 7

Medical care early and throughout pregnancy

Answer 7

monitor health of mother and baby
e.g. weight gain, BP, size and position of baby
High-risk mother or fetus?
early detection of fetal abnormalities
Nutritional status, support system?

Question 8

prenatal visits

Answer 8

monthly to 28 weeks, bi-weekly to 36 weeks, …weekly

Question 9

what are the types of prenatal classes

Answer 9

Lifestyle behaviours - healthy pregnancy
Labour and delivery- making a birth plan

Question 10

well-balanced diet during pregnancy

Answer 10

need for additional kcals, protein, iron, folate, essential fatty acids
adequate calcium, vitamin D
multi-vitamin (with iron, folic acid) recommended

Question 11

appropriate weight gain

Answer 11

11-16kgs or 25-35lbs

Question 12

physical activity while preganat

Answer 12

aerobic, strength training, flexibility

Question 13

exercises to avoid while pregnant

Answer 13

activities that risk balance, trauma, overheating
avoid exercises on back beyond 3rd month

Question 14

benefits of physical activity while pregnant

Answer 14

assists with weight management
reduces fatigue
improves Gi function
eases delivery & recovery

Question 15

prenatal screening tests

Answer 15

Blood tests: MMS
Pelvic ultrasound:
- fetal size and position
- detect fetal abnormalities

Question 16

testing for genetic abnormalities

Answer 16

amniocentesis
needle draws amniotic fluid from amniotic sac

Question 17

Chorionic Villus sampling

Answer 17

sample of tissue from the fetal sac
test for genetic abnormalities

Question 18

Fetal development

Answer 18

fertilization: outer 1/3 of the fallopian tube
zygote (fertilized egg): first 7 days
blastocyst: 7-14days
embryo: 2-8 weeks
fetus: 9th week to birth

Question 19

how long is the gestation period

Answer 19

40 weeks

Question 20

1st trimester

Answer 20

few observable changes in the mother
- may experience; fatigue, frequent urination, nausea/vomiting, breast tenderness
- minimal weight gain

Question 21

2nd trimester

Answer 21

• morning sickness typically subsides

Question 22

3rd trimester

Answer 22

• increased fatigue, frequent urination,
• weight gain

Question 23

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 23

embryo implants outside utereus - usually the fallopipan tube

Question 24

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Answer 24

excessive vomiting due to pregnancy

Question 25

Miscarriage

Answer 25

spontaneous abortion
- loss of fetus before viability

Question 26

Rh blood incompatibility

Answer 26

Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive fetus
- maternal antibodies destroy fetal RBC’s

Question 27

gestation diabetes

Answer 27

mother does not produce enough insulin to handle increase blood sugar of pregnancy

Question 28

when is premature labour

Answer 28

before 37 weeks

Question 29

premature labour

Answer 29

rupture of the membrane
- risk if infection

Question 30

stillborn

Answer 30

baby born with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks’ gestation