Pregnancy Flashcards
when can pregnancy occur
menstrual cycle 28 days
when does ovulation occur
around or on day 14
signs of pregnancy
presumptive:
Missed period
Morning sickness, fatigue
increase in size and tenderness of breasts
probable:
increase in frequency of urination
increase in size of abdomen
positive pregnancy test (urinalysis)
how accurate are home pregnancy tests
99%
how can you tell from urine that you are pregenant
presence of Human Chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
how can pregnancy be confirmed
pregnancy test confirmed by blood test and pelvic exam
e.g. cervix softens by the sixth week
observation of fetus by ultrasound, fetal heartbeat
fetal movement - “quickening”
Medical care early and throughout pregnancy
monitor health of mother and baby
e.g. weight gain, BP, size and position of baby
High-risk mother or fetus?
early detection of fetal abnormalities
Nutritional status, support system?
prenatal visits
monthly to 28 weeks, bi-weekly to 36 weeks, …weekly
what are the types of prenatal classes
Lifestyle behaviours - healthy pregnancy
Labour and delivery- making a birth plan
well-balanced diet during pregnancy
need for additional kcals, protein, iron, folate, essential fatty acids
adequate calcium, vitamin D
multi-vitamin (with iron, folic acid) recommended
appropriate weight gain
11-16kgs or 25-35lbs
physical activity while preganat
aerobic, strength training, flexibility
exercises to avoid while pregnant
activities that risk balance, trauma, overheating
avoid exercises on back beyond 3rd month
benefits of physical activity while pregnant
assists with weight management
reduces fatigue
improves Gi function
eases delivery & recovery
prenatal screening tests
Blood tests: MMS
Pelvic ultrasound:
- fetal size and position
- detect fetal abnormalities
testing for genetic abnormalities
amniocentesis
needle draws amniotic fluid from amniotic sac
Chorionic Villus sampling
sample of tissue from the fetal sac
test for genetic abnormalities
Fetal development
fertilization: outer 1/3 of the fallopian tube
zygote (fertilized egg): first 7 days
blastocyst: 7-14days
embryo: 2-8 weeks
fetus: 9th week to birth
how long is the gestation period
40 weeks
1st trimester
few observable changes in the mother
- may experience; fatigue, frequent urination, nausea/vomiting, breast tenderness
- minimal weight gain
2nd trimester
- morning sickness typically subsides
3rd trimester
- increased fatigue, frequent urination,
- weight gain
Ectopic pregnancy
embryo implants outside utereus - usually the fallopipan tube
Hyperemesis gravidarum
excessive vomiting due to pregnancy
Miscarriage
spontaneous abortion
- loss of fetus before viability
Rh blood incompatibility
Rh-negative mother, Rh-positive fetus
- maternal antibodies destroy fetal RBC’s
gestation diabetes
mother does not produce enough insulin to handle increase blood sugar of pregnancy
when is premature labour
before 37 weeks
premature labour
rupture of the membrane
- risk if infection
stillborn
baby born with no signs of life at or after 28 weeks’ gestation
