Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HE100 > Midterm- Lessons > Flashcards

Midterm- Lessons Flashcards

1
Q

Primary prevention of disease

A

actions/ behaviours designed to prevent health problems from arising- target whole populations; immunization, safe sex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Secondary prevention of disease

A

early recognition and intervention to eliminate or reduce symptoms before more serious illness develops- targets “at risk” individuals; diet intervention for ↑ blood sugar, smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tertiary prevention of disease

A

treatment or rehabilitation efforts aimed at limiting the effects of disease- targets patients; chemotherapy, bypass surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Health inequity is found in…

A

race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, disability, sexual orientation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Benefits of optimal health on individual level

A
  • ↑life expectancy, quality of life (QOL)
  • ↑physiological function, energy
  • improved physical appearance
  • improve self-esteem, positive outlook
  • enhanced relationship
  • ↑ ability to manage stress
  • ↑ capacity to cope with life’s challenge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Benefits of optimal health on global level

A
  • ↓direct medical care costs
  • ↓ indirect costs associated with poor health
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is health?

A

“health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

health vs wellness

A
  • Health: the dynamic, ever-changing process of trying to achieve individual potential in the health dimensions
  • Wellness: achieving one’s potential in each of the health components
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the 7 health dimensions

A

physical, social, intellectual, emotional, occupations, environmental, spiritual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

physical health

A

body size, shape, functioning, susceptibility to disease, ability to perform ADL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

social health

A

capacity for satisfying relationships, successful interactions, communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

intellectual health

A

ability to think clearly, reason objectively and make responsible decisions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

emotional health

A

ability to express emotions effectively and appropriately, self-esteem, trust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

occupational health

A

satisfaction from career, career development, work/life balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

environmental health

A

appreciation of one’s external environment, concern for preserving, protecting and improving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

spiritual health

A

having a sense of meaning and purpose in one’s life, strength and hope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Life expectancy

A

number of years a person can be expected to live based on their birth year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

morbidity vs mortality

A

morbidity: another term for illness or disease
mortality: another term for death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

incidence

A

number of new cases of a specific condition in a specific population within a specific time period likelihood of being
- diagnosed with a specific condition in a specified time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

prevalence

A

total number of cases of a specific condition existing in a specific population within a specific time period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

acute vs chronic

A

Acute- condition symptoms appear and change or worsen rapidly; heart attack
chronic- condition develops or worsens over an extended period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

infectious disease

A

caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi. Can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another
- E.g.hepatitus, malaria, STIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

non-infectious disease

A

medical conditions or diseases which cannot be transmitted person to person
e.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

non modifable vs modifiable risk factors

A

Non-modifiable risk factors: risk factors that cannot be manipulated or changed
e.g. age, gender, ethnicity, genetics
Modifiable risk factors: those we can do something about
e.g. diet, physical,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Readiness for change

A

Precontemplation (Not thinking about it yet)
contemplation
preparation
action
maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Factors affecting chaneg

A

predisposing, enabling, reinforcing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

predisposing factors

A
  • factors that predispose us to certain conditions and are likely to lead to certain behaviours; habits from family
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

enabling factors

A

factors that make health decisions more convenient or more difficult; access to resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

reinforcing factors

A

support or lack if support from significant other, situations, that shape behaviour; public policy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

what do the ABC’s of behaviour stand for

A

Antecedents, behaviour, consequences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

6 behaviour-changing techniques

A

shaping, visualizing, modelling, controlling te situation, reinforcement, changing self-talk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Behaviour Change Techniques - shaping

A

-developing behaviour in small steps
- keep steps small and realistic
- be flexible but systematic
- reward yourself for meeting short and long-term goals
- healthy eating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Behaviour Change Techniques- visualizing

A
  • imagined rehearsal
  • mental practice increases preparedness
    example: marathon run
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Behaviour Change Techniques- modelling

A

-careful observation of others
-model behaviour after proven success
example: presentation skills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Behaviour Change Techniques- controlling the situation

A

-situational inducement
-placement in right situation or group
example: smoking cessation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Behaviour Change Techniques-reinforcement

A

positive incentives
highly individual
Tangible rewards, enjoyable activities, social

37
Q

Behaviour Change Techniques- changing self-talk

A

altering internal dialogue
identify, challenge and replace negative thoughts
“blocking” or thought stopping
self instructions and positive affirmations

38
Q

SMART

A

specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, time-bound

39
Q

4 determinants of health

A

social and economical environment, personal health behaviours, physical environments, biology and genetics

40
Q

5 things involved in social and economical environment

A

SES, ethnicity/culture, social support, health services, public policy

41
Q

5 things involved in personal health behaviours

A

diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol, coping skill

42
Q

4 things involved in biology and genetics

A

genetic endowment, gender, prenatal care, healthy child development

43
Q

4 things involved in physical environment

A

Airborne contaminants, secondhand smoke
contaminated water(drinking, washing)
unsafe food supply
safe housing, workplaces, communities

44
Q

2 causes of mood disorders

A
  • endogenous: caused from inside the body, chemical change in the brain
    -exogenous: caused from outside the body, response to event
45
Q

SAD (seasonal affected disorder)

A

depression occurring in the winter months
associates with low levels of sunlight

46
Q

Postpartum depression

A

after delivery of baby, associates with family, biology (hormones), personality, life experiences, environment (supports)

47
Q

Bipolar Disorder

A

alternating episodes of mania & depression

48
Q

GDA (generalized anxiety disorder)

A

chronic and debilitating anxiety or worry
out of proportion to actual risk

49
Q

Social anxiety disorder

A

most common of all anxiety disorders
fear of being appraised or judged negatively
out of proportion to situation

50
Q

Panic disorder

A

Sudden onset of disabling fear
intense episodes that come “out of the blue”
“Fight or flight” response is activated

51
Q

Phobias

A

intense and persistent fear of something very specific
considerable distress leads to avoidance behaviour

52
Q

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A

Unwanted thoughts, images, impulses (obsessions)
disturbing, cause anxiety
need to perform certain acts or behaviours

53
Q

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

follows exposure to a traumatic event

54
Q

psychosis

A

loss of contact with reality
difficulty distinguishing what is real, and what is not real

55
Q

Schizophrenia

A

alterations of the senses, inability to inability, altered sense of self

56
Q

Treatment protocols

A

lifestyles modification, talk therapies, medication, life skill training

57
Q

lifestyle modification

A

eating healthy, pa, stress manegment, sleep, treatment for subtance abuse

58
Q

talk therapies

A

psychotherapy - cognitive-behaviour therapy
individual, group or family therapy
psychoeducation
Social support

59
Q

medications

A

antidepressants, anti-anxiety
Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics

60
Q

life skills training

A

social skills, academic/employment counselling, housing

61
Q

2 types of stress

A

eustress- positive stress
distress- a negative stress

62
Q

homeostasis

A

state of physical and mental balance in which all of the body’s systems function smoothly
Physiology and psychology equilibrium

63
Q

alarm phase

A

Homeostasis is disrupted\sympathetic nervous system (SNS) prepares for “fight or flight”
Releases epinephrine
Increases HR, BR,

64
Q

Resistance Phase

A

Body reacts to stressors to regain homeostasis\parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Slows systems stimulated by stress response

65
Q

Exhaustion phase

A

Energy used for stress response is depleted
Short-term stress - energy os replenished
Chronic stress; depletes adaptive energy stores and may lead to burnout or serious illness

66
Q

stress direct effects on health

A

stress produces physiological and psychological changes promoting the development of illness

67
Q

stress interactive effects on health

A

stress interacts with pre-existing physical and psychological vulnerabilities

68
Q

7 approaches for studying the body

A

body planes and body directions
body cavities
body quadrants and regions
anatomy and physiology
microscopic to macroscopic
body systems
medical specialties

69
Q

3 body planes

A

coronal, sagittal plane, transverse plane

70
Q

coronal plane

A

Vertical plane - divides body into front & back sections

71
Q

sagittal plane

A

Vertical plane- divides body into right & left sections

72
Q

medially vs lateral

A

medially- Moving from the side of the body toward the midline
laterally- Moving from the midline toward the side of the body

73
Q

transverse plane

A

Horizontal plane- divides the body into upper & lower sections
the upper half of the body is the superior section, the lower half is inferior

74
Q

cephalad vs cauded direction

A

cephalad- Moving toward the head is moving in a superior direction, or superiorly
cauded-Moving toward the tailbone is moving in an inferior direction, or inferiorly

75
Q

proximal vs distal

A

proximal- towards the body
distal- away from body

76
Q

superficial vs deep

A

supericial - external
deep- internal

77
Q

what is disease?

A

change in the structure or the function of the body

78
Q

idiopathic

A

having no cure

79
Q

congenital

A

caused by an abnormality in developing fetus or abnormal process in pregnancy/childbirth

80
Q

herediary

A

genetic inheritance

81
Q

degenerative

A

progressive disease over time

82
Q

infectious

A

caused by a pathogen

83
Q

neoplastic

A

caused by the growth of a tumour or mass

84
Q

iatrogenic

A

caused by medical treatment

85
Q

diagnosis

A

dentification & description of the nature and cause of a disease or condition

86
Q

sign vs symptom

A

symptoms- change in health status experienced by patient
sign- symptom seen or detected by others

87
Q

process of diagnosis

A

symptoms –> history–> clinical exam–> diagnosis–>

88
Q

evaluation of presenting signs and symptoms

A

Talk to your patients
inspection, palpation, ausculation & percussion
Vital signs
Anthropometric measures

89
Q

prognosis

A
  • predicted outcome
    Progression of disease
    prospect for recovery

HE100 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions