Pregnancy Flashcards
3 m before preg what should u do
- stop smoking
- stop drinking
- stop narcotics and unessery drugs
- periconception nutrition
folic acid recommendations for preg
minimal dose is 0.2mg daily in preconception and post
(.8mg recommended supplementally)
-use at least 1 m before trying to get preg
oral contraceptive complience
42%
accidental contraception in up to 2%
what is folate used for in body (2)
- used in conversion of homocysteine to methionine and involved in DNA methylation pathways via SAM (important for fetal devel)
- Also need to secrete tetrahydrofolate to up regulate the thymidylate DNA synthesis
how is folic acid made into folate in the body
ingested in form of mono glutamate folate
- converted to dihydrofolate via reductase
- DHF converted to tetrahydrofolate
- then finally made into 5,10 methylene THF
What is the significant of methylene tetrahyrofolate reductase in development
mutation in this gene leads to increased risk of neural tube defects
why does lower enzyme of 5methyl THF lead to neural tube defects
lower enzyme activity increases homocysteine as it cannot be converted back to methane
homocysteine are responsible for the delay in closure of neural tube
if mother has mutation in THF what is the risk (homozygous)
2x increase
-if fetus does too it goes up to 6x
what is the benefit of supplementing with 6S-6-MTHF
- aleady active form so don’t need gene for conversion
- doesnt mask signs of anemia + B12 def (folate usually masks signs)
- shows similar bioavailability/absorbtion etc
what are other benefits of good nutrition before conception
- high quality diet before and during preg may reduce the risk of gestational hypertension for the mother
- reduces risk of delivering a low birth weight infant
Vit D and pregnancy
Decreased odds of low birth weight infants
when does pregnancy typically occur in gestational period
2 weeks
What happens in the follicular phase+ how long
14 days
- FSH causes several follicles to rise to the surface of ovary
- maturing follicle releases estrogen that increases over time and peaks a day/two before ovulation
- estrogen increases GRH which increases LH and test
When does ovulation happen and hormones
around day 14
- surge in LF and FSH causes the release of the follicle
- mature egg is released and enters fallopian tube where fertilization may take place if sperm is present
What occurs in the luteal phase
the empty follicle will degenerate into the corpus lute
-levels of FSH + LH decrease and corpus luteum start producing progesterone
