Diets Supported By Science (5) Flashcards
3 decision guidance that led to new canada food guide
- canadian context
- scientific basis
- use of existing dietary guidance
what new chronic conditions/conditions are kept in mind w new guidlines (3)
- all cause mortality
- metabolic syndrome
- oral health
major changes in 2018 update
- increased PUFA
- replacement of sat fat with unseat
- replacement of trans fat
- dietary fibre increase
- low glycemic index foods
What is the 4 step process of implementing the MNT diet
- assessment (pts nutrition + current managment of diabetes)
- Identification and negotiation (of goals)
3 Nutritional intervention
- Evaluation
Carbohydrates in type 1 diabetics
the ingestion of a varsity of stitches/sources of carbs produced no sig dif in glycemic response
thus little support to utilize low glycemic index diets in type 1 diabetics
What is HbA1c
hemoglobin with sugars that can irreversible bind to it
representation of glucose lvls over time (buildup of hbac1 until there is a turn over at 3 m)
What does an AC1 of 6,7, and 10% mean
6%= avg glu plasma of 7 (normal) 7&= avg glu plasma of 8.6 (dysglycemia) 10%= avg glu plasma of 13.4 (uncontrolled diabetic)
strong supportive evidence of sugars sin type 1 DM
the total amount of carb in meal is more important than the form (not just restriction of simple sugars but total carb load that will influence glucose)
supportive evidence for carb intake in insulin dependent DM
Those with fixed insulin dosage should be consistent in day to day carb intake
Type 2 diabetic carb intake recomendations
similar to type 1 guidlines
- total amount of carbs in meals may be more important than the source/ type
- high fibre containing diets may be helpful in glycemic control
does type of sugar make a difference in diabetes
the available evidence from clinical studies demonstrates that dietary sucrose does not increase glycemia more than isocaloric amounts of starch
does pro make a difference in diabetes
- Ingested pro does not increase plasma glu concentrations
- the pro requirementt may be greater than the RDA
pro myths with carb digestion
- Dietary pro does not slow down carb absorption
- combing pro with carbs does not delay the rise in plasma glu
- pro does not buffer insulin response
Economics of the MNT diet
- MNT was associated w a reduction in utilization of hospital services by 9.5%
- utalization of physician services declined by 23.5% by ppl on this
what is the main think to reduce in DASH
sodium
- avg intake= 3400mg
- DASH= 2300mg
- low sodium DASH= 1500mg
what is the DASH diet low and high in
low in- sodium, sat fat, total fat, cholesterol
high in- potassium, magnesium, calcium, fibre
Renal changes occurring in DASH diet
MAP drop
increased blood flow thru kidneys
plasma renin activity increased
what else is the DASH diet associated w
- improvements in plasma triglyceride and VLDL concentrations
- adherence to the DASH diet could be associated w an apron 30% reduction in risk of breast c
- improving relative risk relating to CVD, cancer, all cause mortality
barriers to DASH diet
- poor availability + quantity of food in stores
- limited options in resterurants
- Cost
- Lack of familiarity w menu
- tension w family member preferences
what is the 6th largest cause of preventable death in the US
def in omega 3 fatty acids
omega 3 reduces inflammation
short chain vs long chain omega 3 sources
short- plant sources (omega-3 ALA)
Long- primarily form in fish (EPA and DHA)
What does EPA and DHA omega 3s do
EPA- modulate prostaglandins controlling inflammation
DHA- neuroprotective
(trying to increase omega 3 and modulate omega 6-as its inflammatory)
what foods can stabilize free radicals
fruits/veg
what can free radicals do
bind to DNA, pros and lipids to cause oxidative damage
oxygen radicals can attack lipid membrane that are present in every cell membrane
how can a lipid peroxy radical be quenced
quenched by vit c/e to form a stable vitamin radicle
what happens if radicals are exposed to hydrogen
can form lipid hydro peroxide to cause prox or distal tissue damage
omega 3 and infarction
29% reduction in overall mortality following infarction
how much omega 3 is required (AHA, GISSI trial)
AHA- 1g/day
GISSI- 3g/day
