Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ecology > Predation > Flashcards

Predation Flashcards

1
Q

In what environments do predator/prey interactions tend to oscillate?

A

simple environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Expectations for single predator + prey

A
  1. Local extinctions will be corrected by immigration

2. prey population will fluctuate without population changes in predator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

4 kinds of predator/prey graphs

A
  1. Stable limit cycle
  2. Stable point
  3. Dampened oscillation to stable point
  4. Increasing oscillation to extinction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe spider mite experiment

A

see notes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

population changes in wood mice, bank vale, and tawny owl

A

mice and vole populations cycled, but tawny owl didn’t bc it has a diverse diet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prey refuge characteristics

A

smaller populations are better at hiding

-only prey above a certain number are subject to predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Gause’s experiment with Paramecium caudatum and Didinium nasutum

A
  • without refuge, both went extinct
  • with refuge, only the predator went extinct
  • with refuge and restocking, the populations oscillated
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Numerical response to increased prey

A

predator population rises due to increased birthrate and immigration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functional response to increased prey

A

Predation rate of each individual predator increases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Holling’s 4 components of feeding rate

A
  1. Searching
  2. Capturing
  3. Handling
  4. Digesting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 types of feeding rate curves

A
  1. filter feeding (steep increase; then plateau)
  2. general invertebrate (slow upward curve; plateau)
  3. learning predator (S-shaped curve)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Total predation rate

A

(numerical response) x (functional response)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secondary compounds

A

toxins produced by plants to make them unpalatable to eat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What species make up more than half of known terrestrial species on earth (besides microbes)

A

land plants (mainly angiosperm) and insects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ehrlich-Raven theory assumptions

A
  1. herbivory harms plants
  2. plants evolve defenses
  3. herbivore activities, growth, reproduction, and evolution have been guided by plants’ defenses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Generalists

A

herbivores that can eat many different types of plants

17
Q

specialists

A

herbivores that can only eat one specific species, genus, or family

18
Q

Allelochemicals

A

made by plants to eliminate everything around it (e.g. black walnut)

19
Q

Classes of chemical defense

A
  1. Terpenoids
  2. Glucosinolates
  3. Alkaloids
  4. Glycosides
  5. Phenolics
20
Q

Terpenoids

A

formed from acetyl coenzyme A

  • built on 5 carbon units assembling into bigger molecules
  • menthol, pinene, isoprene, geraniol
21
Q

Glucosinolates

A
  • Sulfur and Nitrogen containing compounds
  • found in Brassica genus (cabbage + mustard)
  • bitter tasting
22
Q

Alkaloids

A
  • nicotine, tobacco, codine, morphine, strychnine
  • some steroids
  • theobromine in chocolate and caffeine in coffee
23
Q

Theobromine

A
  • super bitter
  • found in cocoa, tea leaves, and kola nut
  • causes sleeplessness, tremors, restlesness, anxiety, and increased urination
  • dogs + cats metabolize it slowly and can be poisoned by just 50 mg
24
Q

Caffeine

A
  • in coffee, tea, and kola nut
  • causes sleeplessness, tremors, restlesness, anxiety, and increased urination
  • paralyzes and kills insects
  • surrounds soil of coffee plant –> acts as pesticide and inhibits seed germination
25
Q

Glycosides

A
  1. Cyanogenic (have nitrogen)

2. cardiac (don’t have nitrogen)

26
Q

Cyanogenic Glycosides

A

produce hydrogen cyanide when chewed

27
Q

cardiac glycosides

A

found in milkweed

  • affects the heart
  • causes vomiting and death
  • milkweed sap is in digitalis, a heart drug
28
Q

Phenolics

A
  • in ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms
  • make plant pigments and make bitter flavor in plants
  • major component of wood –> lignin
  • cause puckering by reducing lubricant action of glycoproteins in saliva
  • deactivates digestive enzymes and makes it hard to extract amino acids
  • lemons, onions, soy, berries, vanilla, tumeric, tannic acid, citrus fruits
29
Q

constitutive defense vs induced defence

A

-always on vs response to stimuli

30
Q

Physical defenses

A
  1. Prickle: sharp outgrowth from epidermis
  2. Spine: modified leaf or stipule
  3. Thorn: modified stem

Ecology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions