Biomes and the Biosphere Flashcards
1
Q
Atmospheric envelope
A
- clean, dry air at Earth’s surface
- 70% N
- 21% O
- 1% Ar
- 0.003% CO2
- 0.00005% ozone
2
Q
Greenhouse effect
A
- heat trapped in earth’s atmosphere by greenhouse gasses
- water, CO2, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
- absorb infrared and reemit it back to earth
- 30% reflected by clouds + particles
- 70% absorbed by atmosphere or surface
3
Q
ozone
A
- filters harmful UV radiation
- absorbs UV, but breaks its bonds in the process
- CFCs break the bonds too and reduce ozone layer
4
Q
Tilt of Earth’s axis
A
- uneven heating
- seasons
- drives air circulation and precipitation patterns
- tropics get most direct sunlight (area per unit light) –> 23.5 N to 23.5 S
5
Q
Air Circulation
A
- warm, moist air rises, cools, condenses, and rains
- cool, dry air falls back to surface
- Polar cells –> towards the earth and towards the pole
- Ferrel cells –> opposite from closest polar
- Hadley cells–> opposite from closest Ferrel
6
Q
Coriolis effect
A
- apparent deflection of the winds
- move clockwise in northern hemisphere
- move counterclockwise in southern hemisphere
- wind is fastest at equator
7
Q
Ocean circulation
A
- follows prevailing winds
- currents carry cool water to equator from poles and warm water from the equator to the poles
- air is cooled or warmed by these currents before passing over land
8
Q
Gulf stream
A
- made from central american land bridge
- affects climates as far away as the British isles
9
Q
3 main factors that contribute to storms
A
- water temperature (temperature)
- wind shear (wind)
- atmospheric moisture (rain)
10
Q
Mointain’s + water effect on climate
A
- in U.S. wind blows from west
- wind causes air to rise, cool, and condense on west side of mountain
- cool, dry air descends on east side of mountain (rain shadow)
11
Q
Mountain shadow deserts
A
- east side of mountains in temperate zones
- west side of mountains in tropical zones
12
Q
El Nino
A
off coast of Peru
- usually wind goes westward and warms over western pacific while picking up moisture
- during El nino, the eastern pacific is unusually warm –> causes storms in the east and droughts in the west
13
Q
El nino affect on Great Salt Lake
A
- more storms raise levels 3.7 m
- salinity drops by 50 g/L
- lake invaded by predatory insect
- brine shrimp went from 12000 - 74 per m^3
- a bunch of phytoplankton
- eventually went back to normal
14
Q
Bodies of water
A
- large bodies of water govern climate of nearby land
- Day: warm air rises over land, cool breeze from water
- Night: warm air rises from water and moves out from land
15
Q
Photic zone
A
- epipelagic region of ocean that’s reached by light
- inhabited by phytoplankton and zooplankton
- produce 1/4 of oxygen for biosphere