Precautions Flashcards
Airborne
TB, Chicken Pox, rubeola, SARS
What room will patient be in? (airborne)
Negative pressure room with 6-12 air changes per hour
What will the nurse use?
Respiratory protection
Droplet
Rubella, mumps, diphtheria, adenovirus
What room will patient be in? (droplet)
Private if available
What will nurse use and visitors?
PPE and keep visitors 3 feet away
Contact
Multi-drug resistant organism
What room will patient be in? (contact)
Private if available
What will nurse use? (contact)
PPE, change gloves after having contact with infectious material
What are standard precautions?
Used in care of all patients regardless of diagnosis or infection status. These apply to blood, body fluids, secretions, nonintact skin, mucous membranes. Additions are hygiene/cough etiquette, safe injection practices, and wearing a mask
What are transmission based precautions?
Used in addition to standard precautions for patients with suspected infections. Include PPE donning when entering and remove PPE when exiting.
What is surgical asepsis?
Allow sterile object to only touch another sterile object, open sterile package away from body, hold sterile objects above waist level, avoid reaching over sterile field, never turn back on sterile field, outer 1 inch edge is contaminated
What are factors affecting risk for infection?
Integrity of skin and mucous membranes, pH level of GI, WBC count, age/sex/race, immunizations, stress level, pre-existing illnesses, invasive or indwelling medical devices
What are healthcare associated infections?
Infections developed during treatment that were not present on admission
What is an exogenous infection?
When the causative organism is acquired from other people
What is an endogenous infection?
When the causative organism comes from microbial life harbored in the person
What is an iatrogenic infection?
Infection resulting from treatment or diagnostic procedure
What are the 4 major HAI categories?
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection, surgical site infection, central line-associated bloodstream infection, and ventilator-associated pneumonia
What are the most common HAI bacterias?
C. Diff, E. coli, S.aurues, streptococcus faecalis, psuedomonas aeruginosa, and klebsiella
What are community acquired infections?
Infections contracted outside the hospital and are diagnosed within 48 hours of encounter
What is a portal of exit?
Point of escape for organism from the reservoir (respiratory, GI tract, breaks in skin)
What are modes of transmission?
Direct contact, indirect contact, airborne, droplet
What is a portal of entry?
Point where organism enters host (Skin breaks, GI tract respiratory tract
