prebiotics probiotics and regurgitation dysphagia Flashcards
____ % of intestinal microbiota is culturable
<5%
what is “intestinal microbiota”
bacteria, viruses(0.38%), fungi (0.01%), archaea, protozoa in the intestine
>10x cells in the body
what is “intestinal microbiome”
mutual interaction of the microbiota with the host cells
what are the 6 things that control bacteria in the GI ?
- gastric acid
- bile
- intestinal motility
- intestinal mucus
- immune responses
- bacteria
archaea converts hydrogen into ______, which is good because other bacteria convert it into hydrogen sulfite
methane
microbiota GI dz results from ____, ____, _____
pathogen colonization, overgrowth of commensal organisms, altered communication
what does IBS does to toll like receptors and T cells?
what is the shift in bacteria due to IBS?
- messes up the toll like receptors, which alters the T cells
- T cells are regulatory for down regulation of inflammation, so when they’re messed up we get even MORE inflammation
- bacteria shifts from G+ to G-
what are the antibiotics mostly used in modulation of microbiota?
- intestinal dysbiosis (ARD/ SIBO)
- IBD
what is a prebiotic and give 3 examples
a non digestible carb that promotes good bacteria growth
- bran
- psyllium
- fructooligosaccharides
what is a probiotic and list 3 benefits
a living organism that survives acid/bile
- improves epithelial barrier
- modulates immune system
- inhibits pathogen colonization
what are the current uses for fecal transplantation
- C. difficile
- IBD - ulcerative colitis
dog vs cat esophagus anatomy
- dog: all skeletal m.
- cat: 2/3 skeletal m. + 1/3 smooth m.
what are 4 causes of esophageal disease/ regurgitation (with examples)
- inflammatory dz (esohagitis, myositis, granuloma)
- extraluminal compression (vascular ring anomaly, thymoma/ tumors, hilar lymphadenopathy)
- intraluminal compression (stricture, foreign body, tumor, esophageal diverticulum)
- neuromuscular dysfunction (motility disorder, megaesophagus)
Tx for inflammatory esophageal dz
- sucrafate liquid
- omeprazole (reduces acid input)
- cisapride (increase LES tone)
- pain meds
- +/- rest esophagus with PEG tube
5 possible causes for esophageal stricture
foreign body, anesthesia, drugs, tumor, esophagitis
