clin approach to acute diarrhea and dz

Question 1

true / false

acute diarrhea of the large intestine is commonly life threatening

Answer 1

false, its commonly self resolving

Question 2

6 causes of acute diarrhea

Answer 2

• infectious (parasite, bacteria, viral)
• hemorrhagic
• obstructive
• toxin and drug induced
• dietary
• extraintestinal

Question 3

common bacteria that cause acute diarrhea

Answer 3

• clostridium (just because present does not mean its the cause of the problem because it needs to produce ENDOTOXIN to cause problem)
• e.coli
• salmonella
• compylobacter

Question 4

what is canine parvo caused by and is there a breed susceptibility ?
what are the different types?

Answer 4

epitheliotropic enterovirus
YES (doberman and rottweiler)
-type 1 causes abortion in the bitch
-type 2 causes severe enteritis and is related to feline panleukopenia

Question 5

are sub clinical infections possible with parvo?

what is the incubation period ?

Answer 5

yes

3-7d

Question 6

true / false

parvo sheds in feces before the animal shows clinical signs

Answer 6

true

Question 7

clinical signs of parvo

Answer 7

• variable subclinical to per-acute diarrhea ( +/- hemorrhagic, watery) and death
• depression, anorexia, fever
• vomiting can be frequent, severe and prolonged
• PCV usually less than 55%
• leukopenia is variable

Question 8

parvo dx

Answer 8

• EM of fresh feces
• histopath of intestine
• tissue immunofluorescence
• fecal ELISA (way more practical but vx can give false +)

Question 9

parvo tx

Answer 9

• isolate
• fluids + electrolytes
• blood component therapy if needed
• parenteral antibiotics (cephalosporin)
• antimetics if vomiting is severe (metoclopromide, cerenia, ondansetron)
• tamiflu (not used anymore, shady)
• NPO until 24hrs post vomiting

Question 10

canine hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (HGE) age, breed, cause

Answer 10

• all ages but peak at 2-4yrs
• all breeds but mostly little ones
• unknown cause

Question 11

HGE signs

Answer 11

• depression
• vomiting +/- blood
• diarrhea to dysentery
• varies in severity
• PCV >60% with normal TP and thrombocytopenia
• metabolic acidosis

Question 12

HGE tx

Answer 12

• rapid fluid replacement with titration against PCV
• antimetics
• initially NPO, feed 12-24 hrs after vomiting stops