Pre-War Stability Flashcards
When was the Lena goldfield’s massacre? How many people were shot?
April 1912
500 were shot during this
Who did the official investigative commission for the Lena massacre blame?
The Gold company and government officials for the poor working conditions causing the strike and the response
How many strikers were there in 1911 and 1914?
1911 - 105,000
1914 - 1,448,000
How many strikes were there in 1911, 1912 and 1914?
1911 - 466
1912 - 2032
1914 - 3534
According to Geifman, how many casualties of terror attacks were there 1905-1914?
17,000
When did the General strike occur?
Summer 1914
What was Bolshevik membership in 1905? 1914?
1905 - 150,000
1914 - 10,000
Which event of 1913 was met with massive celebratory gatherings?
The tercentenary of Romanov Rule
In 1908/9, how many members of the Bolshevik St Petersburg Committee were Okhrana agents?
4/5
Who are the two infamous Okhrana agents who infiltrated the SRs and Bolsheviks?
Evno Azef infiltrated the SRs
Malinovsky infiltrated the Bolsheviks
What was the Naval General staff crisis 1909?
The Octobrists wished to make the Naval Generals answerable to the ministry of War instead of the court which provoked disdain from loyalists and royalists when Stolypin attempted to push this reform through. Nicholas shut down the proposal
When was the Western Zemstvo bill passed and how?
1911 via the use of Article 87
What was the name of Stolypin’s disenfranchisement reform?
The Coup of 1907
What key bills were introduced by Article 87?
Land reform, Western Zemstvo Bill
How many bills were voted on in the third Duma? Give two specific examples which were passed
2500
Universal Primary Education and National Insurance
What proportion of the fourth Duma were members of the nobility?
51%
What did the fourth Duma do at the outbreak of war?
Dissolved itself
Who chose the Tsar’s cabinet ministers and 1/2 of the imperial council?
The Tsar himself
Per capita, how much smaller was Russia’s GDP compared to the USA and Britain at the outbreak of war?
GDP was 1/10 that of the USA and 1/5 that of Britain
How much of the industrial workforce were in small scale workshops? Why was this inefficient?
67% of the industrial workers in small scale workshops when only 33% of industrial output came from them
How much grain did Russia produce in 1900? 1913?
1900 - 56m tons
1913 - 90m tons
Of what was Russia the World’s fourth largest exporter?
Coal, pig-iron and steel
How did Stolypin’s land reforms provoke tensions within communes?
Those who broke from the commune or who wanted to were often harassed or looked down on by leaders of the commune. For example Semenev was treated poorly by Miliutov.
When was the peak land consolidation?
1909
What upset farmers who moved to Siberia?
The land they were given there was often impossible to cultivate
How many acres were bought off landowners to redistribute to peasants in the first year of Stolypin’s land reform by the Land Bank?
183 million acres
By 1914, how many children were attending primary school?
40%
When were redemption payments ended?
January 1907
What was grain production growth 1883-1914?
2.1%
By 1914, what is the maximum estimated figure of what proportion of the urban workforce were in unions?
Only 4.6%
How much did real wages decrease by until 1914?
20%
What had Stolypin introduced to provide insurance to workers?
The NI Bill - basic social welfare measures including protection against injury and illness
When were safety inspectors introduced to Russian factories?
1912
How many strikers were there in 1905? 1910?
1905 = 2,863,000 1910 = 47,000
How many men were in the army by 1914? What proportion of the population was mobilised?
5.3m = only 8.8% of the population
