Placation of 1905 Revolution

Question 1

What was set out in the October Manifesto?

Answer 1

• The population were granted “the essential foundations of civil freedom”
• Decreed that a Duma would be set up with ‘universal’ suffrage
• Stated that the Duma would be able to block laws but not make them

Question 2

When did the most serious mutinies of the army occur?

Answer 2

During the Russo-Japanese war and therefore, when it ended in mid-1905, the most serious mutinies subsided

Question 3

How many of the 211 mutinies between October and December 1905 were violent?

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

On how many occasions were the army used to supress countryside disturbances?

Answer 4

2700

Question 5

When and where did the army destroy the Bolsheviks during the Moscow uprising?

Answer 5

15th December 1905 in the Presnia District

Question 6

Which troops remained loyal to the Tsar throughout 1905?

Answer 6

100,000 Cossacks and the Guard Regiment

Question 7

What proportion of the whole army was affected in some way in 1905 by unrest?

Answer 7

1/3

Question 8

When was a huge loan from French bankers secured to stabilise the economy and pay troops?

Answer 8

April 1906

Question 9

Who was the uncompromising reactionary/ Minister of the Interior during the revolution?

Answer 9

P.N. Durnovo

Question 10

What did P.N. Durnovo call for in the countryside?

Answer 10

Mass executions of dissidents

Question 11

What did Durnovo say to the regional Kiev governor?

Answer 11

“I urgently request… that you order the use of armed force without the slightest leniency and that insurgents be annihilated”

Question 12

What was the name of the group responsible for crushing Worker’s resistance?

Answer 12

The Black Hundreds

Question 13

What was the name of the right-wing nationalist party tied to the Black Hundreds? How many members did they have by 1906?

Answer 13

The Union of Russian People

300,000 members by 1906

Question 14

What were the April 1906 Fundamental laws?

Answer 14

Measures which reinforced the Tsar’s absolute power:

• He was Commander in Chief of the armed forces
• He could prorogue the Duma
• He could issue decrees via Article 87 and rule independently when the Duma wasn’t in session
• He had the capacity to change the electoral system and appoint ministers to the Imperial Council

Question 15

How many Jews were murdered by the Black Hundreds in Odessa?

Answer 15

500

Question 16

What were the measures taken by the Tsar after December for anyone defying authority?

Answer 16

They would be punished violently

Question 17

Between October 1905 and April 1906 how many people were executed and deported as a result of the army being used for punitive crackdown?

Answer 17

45,000 deported

15,000 executed

Question 18

When were field court martials introduced to the countryside to enable faster trials and executions?

Answer 18

Summer 1906

Question 19

What was the nickname given to hangings/deportations? What does this suggest about their impact? How many were hung between 1906-1911?

Answer 19

Stolypin’s neckties/carriages
Suggests that they were feared
2,500

Question 20

The influence of what church remained even during periods of unrest?

Answer 20

Orthodox Church

Question 21

What were the pillars of autocracy that remained loyal to Nicholas?

Answer 21

Aristocracy, church, police, administration and bureaucracy

Question 22

What was the name of the party which Nicholas endorsed? How many members did they have in 1906?

Answer 22

The Union of the Russian People - 300,000

Question 23

What was the name of the party of liberals who were satisfied by the October manifesto?

Answer 23

Octobrists

Question 24

What did the Union of Unions come to realise about the majority of people who were revolting after being granted the October Manifesto?

Answer 24

They actually disliked the unruly, often violent mob of the lower classes and socialists

Question 25

What did the liberal Peter Struve say about the response of Nicholas to deal with the revolution?

Answer 25

“Thank God for the Tsar, who has saved us from the people”

Question 26

What measures did the Tsar introduce to appease the peasantry and when?

Answer 26

Reduced redemption payments for the peasantry in January 1906 before having them completely abolished the following year

Question 27

What concessions were made to the army on the 6th December 1905?

Answer 27

Their conscription length was reduced and their wages and rations were increased

Question 28

Why did the Union of Unions struggle to spread their cause to the countryside?

Answer 28

Since the middle class liberals couldn’t empathise with those living in the countryside so stopped their actions there in spring 1906

Question 29

What were the two liberal political groups split by the October Manifesto?

Answer 29

Kadets and Octobrists

Question 30

What were the differing agendas of societal sectors?

Answer 30

Peasants - land reform
Workers - improved wages and conditions
Liberals - political reform

Question 31

Why were the radicals, such as the Bolsheviks, separated from the liberals?

Answer 31

They were not interested in parliamentary democracy

Question 32

How does Figes describe the lack of unity within the movements of 1905?

Answer 32

The movements “had all followed their separate rhythms and failed to combine politically”

Question 33

Where were Lenin and Stalin during the revolution?

Answer 33

Lenin was in London and Stalin was in Siberia

Question 34

How did Trotsky alienate the rebels despite being active in St Petersburg?

Answer 34

His demands and desires were too radical - he wanted a total political and social change of the system

Question 35

How did winter reduce unrest in the countryside?

Answer 35

Peasants were less concerned about disorder and more concerned about survival and the conservation of supplies during the winter months

Question 36

How did the size of the empire help the Tsar to remain in power?

Answer 36

The empire was extremely large and therefore at a geographical level, opposition was never united and it was difficult for them to communicate and organise

Question 37

What were legalised for the first time in 1905 to placate opposition?

Answer 37

trade unions

Question 38

How many radical newspapers and trade unions did Stolypin close down 1906-1912?

Answer 38

1000 radical newspapers

600 trade unions

Question 39

How was the Great Strike in Finland in October 1905 placated?

Answer 39

Through the promise of a Diat elected by universal suffrage (following the October Manifesto)

Question 40

What was the name of the Polish body set up to work with the Duma following the October Manifesto? (shows how concession helped satisfy them)

Answer 40

The Polish Circle