Nicholas' Russia 1900 Flashcards
What were the rules decreed by the Statute of State security 1881?
The Ministry of Internal Affairs could declare any part of the country to be in a state of ‘reinforced’ or ‘extraordinary’ protection. There, the authorities had the right to prohibit all gatherings of more than 12 people, suspend periodicals, close schools and universities and dismiss local employees, as well as prosecute any individual for political crimes. Special government-controlled courts operated outside the legal system, and all judges, magistrates and officials sympathetic to the revolution were sacked.
What were Police able to do from March 1882?
Declare any citizen under surveillance of the police
What proportion of children did not reach 5 in rural areas?
47%
What proportion of children did not reach 5 in rural areas?
47%
How many ethnic groups made up the Russian empire?
Between 30-40
How large was Nicholas’ empire?
Around 5,500 miles wide
What proportion of the population did the peasantry make up?
80%
How much land did the nobility own?
25%
What proportion of the Russian population followed the Orthodox church?
80%
For how many people did 1 church and a priest in Moscow serve? (weakening of the church through urbanisation)
40,000
How much land was cultivated successfully? (proportion)
10%
What proportion of the World’s grain exports came from Russia?
36.4%
How many men made up the standing Russian army?
1.3m
What proportion of the annual budget was spent on the forces?
45%
How did one become an officer in the Russian army?
Through paying for the position
How many people had been sent to Siberia by 1900?
300,000
Who was Nicholas’ tutor? How did he describe democracy?
Pobedonostsev
“A falsehood”
What is the tragic event of 1893 where 1389 people died?
Khodynka Field
What were the drawbacks of the Obschina agricultural system?
- Strip farming + allocation of land yearly meant land was often not looked after and prepared for the following season.
- Inefficient farming since land was owned in multiple locations
- Land too spaced apart and thin for new machinery to be used
In what year was there starvation from a particularly bad harvest? How many people died? What angered the people about the Government’s response here?
1891 – 400,000 deaths. The Government continued to export grain abroad despite those at home needing the food desperately. Also didn’t give people food parcels until they received satisfactory statistics they needed it, so it often arrived too late. New jobs they ‘made’ also went to people found out to be dead.
Why did Witte erect high tariffs? What impact did this have on agricultural modernisation?
Witte erected high tariffs to protect Russian industry but meant modern farming equipment often didn’t make it into the countryside since it had to be imported at high costs.
