Pre-reformation Church in England

Question 1

Who was the early reformation being lead by?

Answer 1

Martin Luther

Question 2

What is anti-clericalism?

Answer 2

The criticism of the practices and morality of the catholic clergy

Question 3

What is Erastian Kingship?

Answer 3

A belief that the church should be subordinate to the state

Question 4

Who was John Foxe?

Answer 4

1516-1587 =

English protestant, forced to exile during the reign of Mary I - wrote the Book of Martyrs

Question 5

Was the church important to people of the time?

Answer 5

It was their life they based their life around the 7 sacraments

Question 6

Who was Martin Luther?

Answer 6

1483-1546

Leading German reformer

Question 7

What impact did Lutheranism have in England?

Answer 7

Thomas Cranmer and Cromwell may have both secretly supported this

Question 8

What were Zwinglians?

Answer 8

Followers of the Swiss reformer Zwingli - more radical then Lutherans - Zwingli and Luther fell out at Colloquy of Marburg in 1529

Question 9

What is the Vice Gerent in Spirituals?

Answer 9

This was the title given by Henry VII to Thomas Cromwell, it allowed Cromwell to make policy on religious as well as secular matters

Question 10

What is Papal Primacy?

Answer 10

The concept that the Pope was spiritual head of the Catholic Church with no superior on earth

Question 11

What is Papal infallibility?

Answer 11

The pope was the sole authority on matters of doctrine. He was always right on doctrinal issues and could not be wrong

Question 12

What was Lutheranism/Luther’s Doctrine?

Answer 12

Justification by faith alone - people were sinners and cannot make themselves perfect to god - salvation found in faith
Sola Scriptua - grounded by scriptures
Priesthood of all believers - people should have close relationships with God, ministers are only required to preach and teach, they were not superior

Question 13

Who opposed the Catholic Church before the Reformation?

Answer 13

The humanists - such as Erasamus

The Lollards

Question 14

What did the Humanists believe?

Answer 14

Return to original scriptures because the Latin Vulgate (translated bible) was translated wrong

Question 15

What do they Lollards believe?

Answer 15

They were followers of 14th Century theologian John Wycliff - closure of monasteries and change the bible into English.
They attacked papal and priestly powers and wanted everyone to equal
Majority in Southern England

Question 16

What does the argument of The State of the Church in England on the eve of the Reformation is a contentious issue among historians mean?

Answer 16

Traditional historians have viewed the pre-reformation church as corrupt and unpopular that bucked easily under pressure from Henry
Revisionist historians argue that pre-reformation church in England was in good health with only small issues of corruption and abuse.

Question 17

What does the argument of the motives for religious change are also a source for debate among historians studying Henry’s reign?

Answer 17

One thought is that the reformation was entirely an act of state, his religious policies were imposed upon the population, the parliament only acting as a seal - saying it is a Reformation from Above
Another is that henry’s policies were only because of the support for protestants - reformation from below

Question 18

What does the argument of the pace of religious change?

Answer 18

Had little change in the everyday worship of the people, that catholic orthodoxy remained in the heart of the English - it was a very slow process - finalised in Elizabeth I reign
Happened quickly and had made real progress by Edward VI