Break with Rome - Part 1 Flashcards
When does Julius II grant dispensation for Henry and Catherine’s marriage?
1503
When were Henry and Catherine married?
1509
When was Henry’s accession?
1509
When does Henry write the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum?
1521
What is the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum?
A book defending the 7 sacraments
What happens in 1527?
Henry commits himself to Anne
Decides he wants the annulment of his marriage to Catherine
Charles V sacks Rome and imprisons the Pope
When did Cardinal Campeggio arrive in England?
1528
What happens in 1529?
June - Legatine Court begins (great matter)
July - court resumed and recalled to Rome
August - Treaty of Cambrai - making peace with Charles and Francis
October - Wolsey is dismissed
November - Reformation parliament meets
What happens in 1530?
Thomas Cromwell joins Henry’s council
October - Thomas Cranmer and Edward Foxe present Henry with the Collectanea satis copiosa
November - Wolsey dies
When does Henry become head of the church in England?
1531 - “as far as Christ’s law allows”
What happens in 1532?
March - supplication against the Ordinaries
May - Submission of the clergy
May - Resignation of Thomas More
Why did Henry believe that his marriage with Catherine was invalid?
Based on parts of Leviticus - book from the old testament that stated that marriage to a dead brothers wife is prohibited
However Catherine argued that she had not consummated her marriage with Arthur as she was a virgin coming to Henry
Did Henry actually fall for Anne?
He did have to break off her relations with Henry Percy
He couldn’t bed Anne until their marriage could be legalised
Anne didn’t want to follow in her sisters footsteps as just being a mistress
Numerous love letters add evidence to the fact he had fallen for her
Had there been any annulments previously?
Yes:
Louis XII of France to release him from his marriage to Anne of Brittany
Decree of nullity given to Mary (Henry’s sister)
Why did Henry struggle to get the annulment initially?
Has to be Papal so it would be legitimate across Europe
He had to prove his marriage was unlawful from the start
What are some specific reasons for Henry struggling to get the annulment?
Charles had sacked Rome and pope taken prisoner meaning all papal policy was effectively run past him
Campeggio suggested put Catherine into a nunnery but she refused to tell the world what she was subject to
She wouldn’t accept that her marriage of 18 years was invalid and their daughter illegitimate
Blackfriars court was a disaster
Henry was now starting to become open to making the annulment in England (1529)
What were Royal Policies between 1529 and 1532?
He couldn’t get the annulment from Rome which is what he wanted = drift in policy
Starting to believe he could do it from home - meaning he needed to break with Rome
What is Praemunire?
Acknowledging a foreign power such as that of the papacy over the crown
What was Wolsey charged for in 1529?
Praemunire - Wolsey was going to pay for his failure - also made a point to Rome that authority was total in England
What was the Reformation Parliament?
7 sessions of parliament, by the time it had closed Henry had broke with Rome and established Royal Supremacy
Legislation started an attack on the clergy and severed links with the Papacy to show the control Henry had in England
What were Henry’s views on the Great Matter by 1530?
He collected a book of scholars views on the matter from Oxford and Cambridge (bribed the scholars)
He also got Cranmer to write the Collectanea satis copiosa - supporting the king as head of everything
Charged the whole clergy of Praemunire = £118,000
Part of the Pardon of the Clergy = “sole protector and Supreme head of the English church and clergy” changed to add “as far as the law of Christ allows”
Henry was now convincing himself of his authority
State some key details about Thomas Cranmer?
Born in 1458 and died in 1540
What did Cranmer introduce to the Commons in 1532?
Petition against the church and clerical jurisdiction
Known as the Commons Supplication against the Ordinaries
What was the Submission of the Clergy?
Drawn up on 15th May 1532 - legislative independence of the church was given up to the crown
What were the Annates?
They were the payment made to Rome when a bishop starts his post for the first time
What act did Cromwell and Henry pass in 1532?
March they passed the Act of the Restraint of the Annates - stopping the payments to Rome
What were the implications for the Act of the Restraints?
Started the tensions between the Papacy and Henry and inevitably the break with Rome
What was the issue that arrived in 1532?
Anne fell pregnant meaning that Henry had to secure the divorce
The final break with Rome
