Break with Rome - Part 1

Question 1

When does Julius II grant dispensation for Henry and Catherine’s marriage?

Answer 1

1503

Question 2

When were Henry and Catherine married?

Answer 2

1509

Question 3

When was Henry’s accession?

Answer 3

1509

Question 4

When does Henry write the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum?

Answer 4

1521

Question 5

What is the Assertio Septem Sacramentorum?

Answer 5

A book defending the 7 sacraments

Question 6

What happens in 1527?

Answer 6

Henry commits himself to Anne
Decides he wants the annulment of his marriage to Catherine
Charles V sacks Rome and imprisons the Pope

Question 7

When did Cardinal Campeggio arrive in England?

Answer 7

1528

Question 8

What happens in 1529?

Answer 8

June - Legatine Court begins (great matter)
July - court resumed and recalled to Rome
August - Treaty of Cambrai - making peace with Charles and Francis
October - Wolsey is dismissed
November - Reformation parliament meets

Question 9

What happens in 1530?

Answer 9

Thomas Cromwell joins Henry’s council
October - Thomas Cranmer and Edward Foxe present Henry with the Collectanea satis copiosa
November - Wolsey dies

Question 10

When does Henry become head of the church in England?

Answer 10

1531 - “as far as Christ’s law allows”

Question 11

What happens in 1532?

Answer 11

March - supplication against the Ordinaries
May - Submission of the clergy
May - Resignation of Thomas More

Question 12

Why did Henry believe that his marriage with Catherine was invalid?

Answer 12

Based on parts of Leviticus - book from the old testament that stated that marriage to a dead brothers wife is prohibited
However Catherine argued that she had not consummated her marriage with Arthur as she was a virgin coming to Henry

Question 13

Did Henry actually fall for Anne?

Answer 13

He did have to break off her relations with Henry Percy
He couldn’t bed Anne until their marriage could be legalised
Anne didn’t want to follow in her sisters footsteps as just being a mistress
Numerous love letters add evidence to the fact he had fallen for her

Question 14

Had there been any annulments previously?

Answer 14

Yes:

Louis XII of France to release him from his marriage to Anne of Brittany
Decree of nullity given to Mary (Henry’s sister)

Question 15

Why did Henry struggle to get the annulment initially?

Answer 15

Has to be Papal so it would be legitimate across Europe

He had to prove his marriage was unlawful from the start

Question 16

What are some specific reasons for Henry struggling to get the annulment?

Answer 16

Charles had sacked Rome and pope taken prisoner meaning all papal policy was effectively run past him
Campeggio suggested put Catherine into a nunnery but she refused to tell the world what she was subject to
She wouldn’t accept that her marriage of 18 years was invalid and their daughter illegitimate
Blackfriars court was a disaster
Henry was now starting to become open to making the annulment in England (1529)

Question 17

What were Royal Policies between 1529 and 1532?

Answer 17

He couldn’t get the annulment from Rome which is what he wanted = drift in policy
Starting to believe he could do it from home - meaning he needed to break with Rome

Question 18

What is Praemunire?

Answer 18

Acknowledging a foreign power such as that of the papacy over the crown

Question 19

What was Wolsey charged for in 1529?

Answer 19

Praemunire - Wolsey was going to pay for his failure - also made a point to Rome that authority was total in England

Question 20

What was the Reformation Parliament?

Answer 20

7 sessions of parliament, by the time it had closed Henry had broke with Rome and established Royal Supremacy
Legislation started an attack on the clergy and severed links with the Papacy to show the control Henry had in England

Question 21

What were Henry’s views on the Great Matter by 1530?

Answer 21

He collected a book of scholars views on the matter from Oxford and Cambridge (bribed the scholars)
He also got Cranmer to write the Collectanea satis copiosa - supporting the king as head of everything
Charged the whole clergy of Praemunire = £118,000
Part of the Pardon of the Clergy = “sole protector and Supreme head of the English church and clergy” changed to add “as far as the law of Christ allows”
Henry was now convincing himself of his authority

Question 22

State some key details about Thomas Cranmer?

Answer 22

Born in 1458 and died in 1540

Question 23

What did Cranmer introduce to the Commons in 1532?

Answer 23

Petition against the church and clerical jurisdiction

Known as the Commons Supplication against the Ordinaries

Question 24

What was the Submission of the Clergy?

Answer 24

Drawn up on 15th May 1532 - legislative independence of the church was given up to the crown

Question 25

What were the Annates?

Answer 25

They were the payment made to Rome when a bishop starts his post for the first time

Question 26

What act did Cromwell and Henry pass in 1532?

Answer 26

March they passed the Act of the Restraint of the Annates - stopping the payments to Rome

Question 27

What were the implications for the Act of the Restraints?

Answer 27

Started the tensions between the Papacy and Henry and inevitably the break with Rome

Question 28

What was the issue that arrived in 1532?

Answer 28

Anne fell pregnant meaning that Henry had to secure the divorce
The final break with Rome