Henry's Quest for International Influence

Question 1

When did England join an alliance with Spain?

Answer 1

1512 - join an alliance against France

Question 2

What battles happen in 1513?

Answer 2

Battle of Spurs (Maximillian, Ferdinand, Henry and Papacy against France) and they capture Therouanne
September - Earl of Surrey leads a victory against the Scots at Flodden
September - Tournai captures

Question 3

When does Henry make peace with France?

Answer 3

1514

Question 4

When does Francis I become king of France?

Answer 4

1515

Question 5

When was Princess Mary born?

Answer 5

1516

Question 6

When was the London Treaty?

Answer 6

1518

Question 7

What happened in 1520?

Answer 7

Henry meets Charles V in England
Francis and Henry meet in France at the Field of Cloth of Gold
Henry meets Charles at Calais

Question 8

When do Charles and Henry discuss a joint invasion of France?

Answer 8

1521

Question 9

What happens in 1523?

Answer 9

The English try to invade Calais, but the siege of Boulogne is abandoned to make an attack on Paris, this all fails as winter sets in

Question 10

When is the Battle of Pavia?

Answer 10

February 1525, imperial forces defeat the French

Question 11

What happens is 1528-1529?

Answer 11

April 1528 - offensive alliance against Charles signed by France
1528 - England and France declare war on Charles V

Question 12

When was Wolsey dismissed?

Answer 12

1529

Question 13

What happens in 1536?

Answer 13

January - Catherine dies

May - Anne Boleyn is executed

Question 14

What happens in 1538?

Answer 14

Peace of Nice secures a 10 year truce between Charles V and Francis I
Purge of White Rose Party carried out

Question 15

What happened in 1540?

Answer 15

Jan - Henry marries Anne of Cleves (unconsummated)

July - Cromwell executed and Henry marries Catherine Howard

Question 16

What happens in 1542/3?

Answer 16

Henry declares war on Scotland and defeat the Scots at Solway Moss
December James V (Scotland) dies leaving Mary as heir
July 1543 - Treaty of Greenwich signed with Scotland
and Henry marries Catherine Parr
Henry declares war on France

Question 17

What happens in 1544-1545?

Answer 17

England invade southern Scotland in 1544
September 1544 - Boulogne taken by England
1545 - French army attempt to invade England but fail

Question 18

When is the peace agreement signed between England and France at Ardres?

Answer 18

1546

Question 19

When does Henry VIII die?

Answer 19

1547

Question 20

What was the Field of Cloth of Gold like?

Answer 20

Very grand both Kings tried to out do each other in Jousting & wrestling competitions and with their banquets and guests

Question 21

Who were the key players in 16th century Europe?

Answer 21

France, Spain, Holy Roman Empire, The Papacy

Question 22

Explain the war against France between 1512-1513?

Answer 22

In 1508 - France, Spain, Empire and Papacy brought together in the Holy league to attack Venice, England were not on board because of Henry’s diplomacy
Then after this failed the pope changed direction and focussed in getting France out of Venice
April 1512 - Henry send 12,000 troops under the command of the Marquis of Dorset - gain control of Aquitaine
However the Spanish used England as a decoy and it was a failure

Question 23

Explain The Battle of the Spurs?

Answer 23

1513
Learnt he had to act independently
He led an army of 30,000 men to Calais in June 1513
Capturing towns such as Therouanne and Tournai

Question 24

Explain the Battle of Flodden?

Answer 24

1513
England led by Earl of Surrey fought off James IV trying to invade England due to Henry’s absence
England were outnumbered and had a weaker position, however victory came
Killing James VI, his son James V who was the son of Henry’s sister Mary

Question 25

What was the Anglo-French Treaty of 1514?

Answer 25

By 1514 Henry had to make peace with France as both Ferdinand (Spain) and Maximillian had given up on invading France Gave them the possession of Tournai

Question 26

When did Louis XII die?

Answer 26

January 1515 and Francis I took over

Question 27

What is a regency government?

Answer 27

A government that is ruled on behalf of someone else, for example Henry's sister Margaret ran Scotland on behalf of her son James V after her husband James IV died

Question 28

What did Francis do in Scotland?

Answer 28

He sent over the Duke of Albany to overthrow the regency government

Question 29

When did Ferdinand die?

Answer 29

1516 and he was succeeded by his grandson

Question 30

What did Ferdinand's grandson - Charles do to isolate England?

Answer 30

He didn't want to fight France so instead he made peace at Noyon in 1516

Question 31

What was the Treaty of London?

Answer 31

1518 - Leo X had been calling for a crusade against the Turks Joined together the Papacy, France, Spain and the Empire - having collective security and no aggression between powers After this he received the Legate a Latere

Question 32

What was the Field of Cloth of Gold?

Answer 32

June 1520 - 3000 Nobles from Spain and England - Spain wanted England to side with them as the Habsburg-Valois tension was mounting Then by July of 1521 an agreement was made that England would invade France if they would not make peace

Question 33

Explain what happened in the war with France between 1520-1525?

Answer 33

The Earl of Surrey led an army into Normandy and Picardy in 1522 - little support from Charles? Then in August of 1523 Duke of Bourbon wanted to rebel against the French king Wages an open rebellion - English troops sent in costing £400,000 but came to nothing due to the lack of supplies

Question 34

How was diplomacy changing by 1525?

Answer 34

Charles had one massively at Pavia French army annihilated Francis I was prisoner

Question 35

What happened in 1527?

Answer 35

England and France took an alliance at the Treaty of Westminster

Question 36

What did Charles do in 1527?

Answer 36

He took Pope Clement VII prisoner and as Charles was Catherine's nephew the Great matter had little chance of being resolved

Question 37

What were the successes of foreign policy?

Answer 37

Capture of Therouanne and Tournai Peace of London in 1518 - pact with European countries for peace Field of Cloth of Gold enhanced English prestige Conducted a flexible foreign policy even with the low income of England

Question 38

What were the failures of foreign policy?

Answer 38

Henry's ambition was unrealistic - his resources were minimal compared to the rest of Europe He yielded few gains at a great expense £1.4 million spent on wars between 1511-1525 Argued that Wolsey used Henry to gain papal promotion Didn't help them with the Great Matter French alliance was very unpopular

Question 39

What were the foreign affairs between 1530-1540?

Answer 39

Anglo-French alliance starting to deteriorate France were eager to remain allies with Spain Charles was appalled by the treatment of his aunt

Question 40

What happened in 1536?

Answer 40

Both Catherine and Anne died