Pre-midterm class Flashcards
three parts of social inclusion:
1) deal w/ structural roots of exclusion 2) rooted in community org and mobilization 3) transformative
CJS is primarily ___ and ___ justice
criminal ; social
5 stages of policy development
1) identify the prob
2) agenda setting (prioritizing)
3) policy formation
4) policy implementation
5) policy evaluation and reassessment
why study crime?
important to understand all aspects of social lives; reduce crime; affects us all
financial compensation for crime in early history
wergild
what are oath helpers?
accused could call 20-25 ppl to testify their innocence
person who believed all ppl motivated by pleasure/pain, panoptican
Bentham
most influential scholar in the evolution of justice
Beccaria
deterrence should include measure of:
swiftness, certainty, severity
Canada is more ____ in sentencing/punishing
centre-left (liberal)
the right to not be abused by the power of the state
liberty
ppl should go to prison __ punishment, not __ punishment
as; for
neoclassical incorporated 3 new concepts:
1) extenuating circumstances 2) past record 3) differences in free will
what contributes to diffs in free will:
social determinants, developmental stages
substantive outcomes
Substantive law consists of written statutory rules passed by legislature that govern how people behave, define crimes and set forth punishment, define rights/freedoms
procedural outcomes
Procedural law governs the mechanics of how a legal case flows, including steps to process a case, adheres to due process
goal of rise of municipal policing:
maintain public order, control/prevent crime, provide services to the community
proactive vs. reactive policing
preventative/interventionary vs. responding to complaint after crime has been committed
types of court:
provincial, provincial superior, appeals, supreme, youth
what is provincial superior court?
handles certain indictable offences such as first/second degree murder
___ suggests that modern punishment continues to serve as surveillance, control, management
Foucalt
instrumental in establishing prisoner advocacy groups, first ever penitentiary
John Howard
affluent person who advocated for better female prisons
Elizabeth Fry
under this act, pens became responsibility of fed gov
british north american act
canadian sentencing process is driven by ____-
punishment, deterrence, rehabilitation
sentencing includes:
fines, fine option, community service, restitution, probation, conditional sentence, electronic monitor, incarceration
what is corporal punishment?
act that produces physical pain short of death
use of sanctions have the following objectives:
denounce unlawful conduct, deter offenders, separate offender from society, rehab, reparations, responsibility
CSC is part of Ministry of ___
Solicitor general
role of provincial ombudsman:
independent prov body responsible investigate correctional complaints
5 ways of obtaining info about crime:
speculation/logical analysis, authority, consensus, observation, past experience
indirect consequences and effects of behaviour
collateral pains
rights in the charter include:
right to life, liberty, security; right not to be subjected to cruel/unusual punishment; right not deprived
16 interrelated myths:
all convicts guilty of crime, effectiveness of community corrections, cost of amenities, physical appearance of convicts, access to free education, violent nature of prisoners, uncaring nature of correctional officers, relationship between prison and crime rates, amt of punishment offender receives, quality of facilities, utility of punishment as deterrent
pre-sentence report is:
detailed info that assists judge in sentencing offender
pre-sentence report completed by:
probation officer
gladue factors refer to:
res school experience
what are sentencing alternatives?
probation, conditional sentence, electronic monitor, community service order, restitution, mediation
what is conditional discharge?
offender follows all rules of court = no conviction on crim record
what is suspended sentence?
jail time would have been warranted, but judge suspended sentence to the community
things considered before placing on probation:
nature/seriousness of offence, risk to public safety, personal circumstances
examples of intensive supervision probation:
conditional sentence, electronic monitor
what is conditional sentence?
rigid probation sentence where violation causes offender return to jail
what is PPRU?
predict, prevent, reduce
what is “predict”
what factors/info should we use to assess clients
what is “prevent”
strategies for society to adopt for social policy
what is “reduce”
what areas should correctional workers target in supervision and counselling offenders
challenges for corrections
diverse clientele, exclusion/marginalization, ongoing research, myths of corrections, public perception, cost of corrections
sci of interaction between ppl in terms of culture and social structure
sociology
4 main sociological paradigms
functionalism, conflict theories, symbolic interactionist, feminist
critical criminology focuses on:
structures/systemic barriers in and around the CJS
refers to institutionalized power related to inequalities of race, class and gender
structuralism
critical criminology suggests:
social empowerment, redistribution of social resources, participatory democracy
refers to structures and process of inequality among groups in society
social exclusion
