Chapter 3 Flashcards
what are typologies of crime?
classifications of crime useful in identifying patterns of criminal activity and motivations for criminal behaviour
UCR classifies crime in these categories:
violent crime, property, other Criminal Code crime, traffic violations, drug offences, other federal statute violations (eg. Youth Criminal Justice Act)
what is homicide?
when person directly or indirectly (by any means) causes the death of a human being, can be culpable (considered an offence) or non-culpable (justifiable/excusable homicide)
what is murder?
intentionally causing death of another human being or intends to cause bodily harm likely to result in death
culpable homicide that is planned/deliberate; or involves killing of a peace officer or correctional worker; or occurs during commission of another serious offence
first degree murder
murders that are intentional and unlawful but not planned
second degree murder
non-intentional homicide committed in response to sudden provocation, as a result of impaired judgement, or result of recklessness/carelessness
manslaughter
what is infanticide?
when female considered disturbed from effects of giving birth causes death of newborn child <1yrs old
culpable homicide that involves killing of several victims in 3+ separate events
serial murder
illegal killing of four or more victims at one location, within one event
mass murder
level one sexual assault?
unwanted sexual touching, violates sexual integrity of person
level two sexual assault?
involves a weapon, bodily harm, or threats to cause bodily harm to a person
level three sexual assault?
wounds, maims, disfigures, or endangers the life of another person
what is a rape myth?
a false assumption about sexual assault, such as “when a woman says no, she really means yes”
repeated following, watching, or communicating with a person or someone known to them in a way that causes them to fear for their safety or for the safety of someone known to them
criminal harassment
why is robbery a violent crime?
happens in presence of victim, threat of or use of force
level 1 assault:
least serious, “common assault”, includes punching, pushing, sloping, shoving, threats by act or gesture
level 2 assault:
use of a weapon or results in bodily harm
level 3 assault:
wound, maim, disfigure, or endanger the life of the victim
other assaults:
use of force against peace officer, unlawful causing bodily harm, discharge of firearm with intent
advocating genocide, public incitement of hatred, wilful promotion of hatred against identifiable group (eg. colour, race, religion, sex orientation)
hate crime
most common motivation for hate crime:
race/ethnicity (followed by religion, then sex orientation)
unlawful acts perpetrated with intent of gaining property but without use or threat of violence
property crime (B and E, possession of stolen property, theft of motor vehicle, theft over or under 5000, fraud, identity fraud, mischief , arson)
what is identity fraud?
fraudulently personating another person (alive or dead) with intent to gain advantage for self or another person, gain property, cause disadvantage to person being personated , avoid arrest/prosecution, obstruct/pervert justice
what is identity theft?
knowingly obtaining or possessing another person’s id info with intent use info to commit indictable offence (like fraud, deceit , falsehood as element of offence)
why property crime?
greed, social probs (poverty), need for excitement
what is included in “other criminal code offences”?
counterfeiting , weapons violations, child pornography, prostitution, disturbing the peace, admin of justice violations, terrorism
educational approach to assist public in remembering how to check bills (polymer series)
feel, look, flip
what is prostitution?
most commonly used to refer to illegal activities
how are illicit drugs and criminal activity linked?
involvement of org crime in supply and distribution of illegal substances, social disorganization associated with drugs, individuals committing crime under the influence of drugs
two categories of drug offences
1) supply offences (growing and distribution) 2) possession offences (purchase and use)
what is terrorism?
act committed in whole or in part for political, religious, or ideological purpose, objective or cause with the intention of intimidating the public with regard to its security, including its economic security or compelling a person, a government, or a domestic or an international organization to do or refrain from doing any act
