pre-IC4

Question 1

3 main risk factors for VTE (Virchow’s triad)

Answer 1

1. Hypercoagulability
2. Vascular damage
3. Circulatory stasis

Question 2

When to start VTE treatment?

Answer 2

Positive with imaging/ compression ultrasound

Question 3

When to give VTE prophylaxis?

Answer 3

High risk for VTE (4 points or more)

Question 4

Above or below knee is more associated with embolism?

Answer 4

Above knee

Question 5

Plasmin degrades fibrin mesh, giving _____ as the by-product

Answer 5

D-dimer

Question 6

What scoring system is used to diagnose VTE/ PE?

Answer 6

Wells score

Question 7

Duration of tx for apixaban

Answer 7

Acute phase: first 7 days
Early maintenance: day 8-90

Question 8

Duration of tx for rivaroxaban

Answer 8

Acute phase: first 21 days
Early maintenance: day 22-90

Question 9

Risk factors for VTE

Answer 9

1. Age 75 or more
2. Prior VTE Hx (highest risk during first 180 days aft VTE)
3. Blood stasis
4. Vascular injury
5. Hypercoagulability

Question 10

Is thrombus likely to embolise in the calf?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

Oral Anticoagulants used in Tx for VTE

Answer 11

• Warfarin
• Rivaroxaban, Apixaban
• Dabigatran
• Edoxaban

Question 12

Thrombolytic agents used in tx for ACS/ AIS

Answer 12

• Alteplase
• Tenecteplase

Question 13

IV Anticoagulants used in Tx for VTE

Answer 13

• UFH
• LMWH (enoxaparin)
  (DTI: Bivalirudin)

Question 14

Why does LMWH have less inhibitory activity against UFH?

Answer 14

LMWH has less than 18 saccharide units hence cannot catalyse (anti-thrombin-mediated) inactivation of thrombin

Question 14

Warfarin inhibits the production of clotting factors __________

Answer 14

II, VII, IX, X

Question 15

Which DOACs require initial parenteral tx?

Answer 15

Dabigatran & Edoxaban

Question 16

Do not use Edoxaban when CrCl > _____

Answer 16

95 mL/min