IC1 MSK

Question 1

How many bones are there in a human adult

Answer 1

206 bones (80 from axial skeleton, 126 from appendicular skeleton)

Question 2

What makes up axial skeleton

Answer 2

• skull
• vertebral column
• thorax (ribs + sternum)

Question 3

what makes up appendicular skeleton

Answer 3

• pectoral girdle & upper limbs
• pelvic girdle & lower limbs

Question 4

Types of joints

Answer 4

synovial, cartilaginous, fibrous

Question 5

where can fibrous joint be found

Answer 5

suture btw skull bones

Question 6

where can synovial joint be found

Answer 6

with synovial cavity e.g. knee, shoulder joints

Question 7

Marrow cavity holds ____ bone marrow, has____ lining

Answer 7

red/yellow; endosteum

Question 8

Red bone marrow: In ____ bones & ends of adult femur, humerus.

Answer 8

flat, irregular

Question 9

Yellow bone marrow – Fat tissue. May redifferentiate to _____ upon stress.

Answer 9

red marrow

Question 10

Osteoblasts – generate new bone matrix and_____.

Answer 10

osteocytes

Question 11

Osteoclasts – for bone resorption & remodeling. Dissolve bone matrix. Related to _______.

Answer 11

white blood cells

Question 12

_____is the structural unit of the compact bone.

Answer 12

Osteon

Question 13

Compact bone is found at _____ & ______

Answer 13

outer layer of bones; shafts of long bones

Question 14

Spongy bone is known as ______ bone

Answer 14

cancellous

Question 15

Spongy bone has marrow cavities between____ beams/plates of bone. The marrow cavities contain _____

Answer 15

trabeculae; red bone marrow

Question 16

Spongy bone is found In ______

Answer 16

interior of skull bones, vertebrae, sternum, pelvis & ends of long bones.

Question 17

Cartilages are made up of _____

Answer 17

tough cartilaginous connective tissue

Question 18

Cartilages are found in ____ of bones, thorax, nose, trachea, outer ear, larynx.

Answer 18

articulating ends

Question 19

3 types of cartilage

Answer 19

fibrous, elastic, hyaline

Question 20

Muscle tissue is composed of specialized cells called _____

Answer 20

muscle fibers

Question 21

Characteristics of Skeletal muscle tissue: ____

Answer 21

Striated & voluntary; also Elongated, cylindrical,
unbranched, multi-nucleated

Question 22

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle

Answer 22

Sarcomere

Question 23

Thin myofilaments are made of ____ (attached to ___)

Answer 23

F-actin, tropomyosin & troponin; Z line

Question 24

Thick myofilaments are mainly made of ___ attached to ____.

Answer 24

myosin; M line

Question 25

Identify the 2 muscles frequently used for intramuscular (i.m.) injection.

Answer 25

Deltoid, gluteus maximus

Question 26

Where should injection be inserted at gluteal region

Answer 26

Top right, to avoid sciatic nerve

Question 27

Intradermal inj: inserted into ____ layer

Answer 27

epidermal

Question 28

IV inj: inserted into ____ layer

Answer 28

dermis

Question 29

which joint is the most mobile

Answer 29

synovial joint

Question 30

What type of a synovial joint is the shoulder?

Answer 30

Ball-and-socket joint

Question 31

Types of synovial joints

Answer 31

1. Ball-and-socket joint
2. Hinge joint
3. Pivot joint
4. Planar joint

Question 32

Type of synovial joint at knee

Answer 32

1. Hinge joint (btw femur & tibia)
2. Gliding joint (btw femur & patella)

Question 33

Hallmarks of OA: ____ narrowing, sclerosis of ___, ___ formation & cystic changes in adjacent bone

Answer 33

joint space, subchondral bone, osteophyte