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PR3154 > IC1 > Flashcards

IC1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is there any blood vessel/ nerves in the cartilage tissue?

A

No.

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2
Q

Which joints are the most mobile?

A

Synovial joints

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3
Q

What is the structural unit of the compact bone?

A

Osteon

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4
Q

How does bone in osteoporosis look like compared to normal bone?

A

More porous & translucent

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5
Q

Muscle tissue is composed of specialized cells called ______

A

muscle fibers

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6
Q

Features of skeletal muscle tissue

A

Striated & voluntary

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7
Q

Contractile unit of skeletal muscle is known as ____

A

sarcomere

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8
Q

Thin myofilaments are made of ______ (attached to Z line)

A

F-actin

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9
Q

Thick myofilaments are mainly made of_____ attached to M line

A

myosin

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10
Q

IM injection: where to inject at gluteal region?

A

Top right (to avoid sciatic nerve)

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11
Q

Feature of osteoarthritis

A

joint space narrowing, sclerosis of subchondral bone, osteophyte formation & eventually cystic changes in adjacent bone

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12
Q

What happens to blood when left in the tube without anti-coagulants?

A

Coagulation

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13
Q

Is there fibrinogen left in a tube containing blood (w/o anticoagulant)?

A

No; fibrinogen converted to fibrin

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14
Q

What makes up the buffy coat (1% of blood composition)?

A

White blood cells & platelets

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15
Q

Thrombocytes are known as ____

A

platelets

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16
Q

Worn-out RBCs are removed by____ or destroyed in _____

A

macrophages; liver & spleen

17
Q

WBCs Originate from ______

A

bone marrow stem cells

18
Q

Examples of Granulocytes (WBCs with visible granules)

A

Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

19
Q

Agranulocytes (without visible granules)

A

Lymphocytes, monocytes

20
Q

Lifespan of most WBCs

A

A few days

21
Q

Cell that account for 50-70% of WBCs

A

Neutrophils

22
Q

Role of neutrophils

A

Specialized in attacking & digesting bacteria that have been “marked” for destruction.

23
Q

Characteristic of neutrophil

A
  • Nucleus: segmented (3~5 lobes connected by fine strands)
  • Cytoplasm: packed with pale (“neutral colored”) granules containing bactericidal compounds
24
Q

Characteristic of eosinophil

A

Have reddish-orange granules.
Usually bilobed nucleus

25
Q

Role of eosinophil

A

Phagocytize antibody-coated bacteria, protozoa & cellular debris, but main method of attack is exocytosis of toxic compounds onto surface of target.

26
Q

Which are the first WBCs to arrive at site of acute inflammation/phagocytosis?

A

Neutrophil

27
Q

Which WBC increases dramatically in a parasitic infection?

A

Eosinophil

28
Q

Characteristic of basophil

A

Contain deep purple/blue basophilic granules. The usually bilobed nucleus is often obscured by the granules.

29
Q

Role of basophil

A

Migrate to injury sites & discharge contents of granules [e.g., histamine (a vasodilator & enhancer of capillary permeability) & heparin (an anticoagulant)] that enhance local inflammation initiated by mast cells, & attract other WBCs.

30
Q

Characteristic of monocyte

A

Nucleus is large, eccentrically placed, & tends to be oval or kidney-shaped

31
Q

Role of monocyte

A

– Generate tissue macrophages.
– Phagocytize & digest protozoa, virus & aged cells which might not be effectively dealt with by neutrophils.
– Antigen presentation

32
Q

Can T lymphocyte & B lymphocyte be differentiated on blood smear?

A

No.

33
Q

Characteristic of lymphocyte

A

thin halo of cytoplasm around a relatively large nucleus

34
Q

Each platelet circulates for ______before being removed by _____

A

9-12 days ; splenic phagocytes

35
Q

Platelets are produced in bone marrow by ______

A

megakaryocytes

36
Q

Characteristic of platelets

A

Purple stained & granular appearance on blood smear

PR3154 (19 decks)

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