IC1 Flashcards
Is there any blood vessel/ nerves in the cartilage tissue?
No.
Which joints are the most mobile?
Synovial joints
What is the structural unit of the compact bone?
Osteon
How does bone in osteoporosis look like compared to normal bone?
More porous & translucent
Muscle tissue is composed of specialized cells called ______
muscle fibers
Features of skeletal muscle tissue
Striated & voluntary
Contractile unit of skeletal muscle is known as ____
sarcomere
Thin myofilaments are made of ______ (attached to Z line)
F-actin
Thick myofilaments are mainly made of_____ attached to M line
myosin
IM injection: where to inject at gluteal region?
Top right (to avoid sciatic nerve)
Feature of osteoarthritis
joint space narrowing, sclerosis of subchondral bone, osteophyte formation & eventually cystic changes in adjacent bone
What happens to blood when left in the tube without anti-coagulants?
Coagulation
Is there fibrinogen left in a tube containing blood (w/o anticoagulant)?
No; fibrinogen converted to fibrin
What makes up the buffy coat (1% of blood composition)?
White blood cells & platelets
Thrombocytes are known as ____
platelets
Worn-out RBCs are removed by____ or destroyed in _____
macrophages; liver & spleen
WBCs Originate from ______
bone marrow stem cells
Examples of Granulocytes (WBCs with visible granules)
Neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
Agranulocytes (without visible granules)
Lymphocytes, monocytes
Lifespan of most WBCs
A few days
Cell that account for 50-70% of WBCs
Neutrophils
Role of neutrophils
Specialized in attacking & digesting bacteria that have been “marked” for destruction.
Characteristic of neutrophil
- Nucleus: segmented (3~5 lobes connected by fine strands)
- Cytoplasm: packed with pale (“neutral colored”) granules containing bactericidal compounds
Characteristic of eosinophil
Have reddish-orange granules.
Usually bilobed nucleus
Role of eosinophil
Phagocytize antibody-coated bacteria, protozoa & cellular debris, but main method of attack is exocytosis of toxic compounds onto surface of target.
Which are the first WBCs to arrive at site of acute inflammation/phagocytosis?
Neutrophil
Which WBC increases dramatically in a parasitic infection?
Eosinophil
Characteristic of basophil
Contain deep purple/blue basophilic granules. The usually bilobed nucleus is often obscured by the granules.
Role of basophil
Migrate to injury sites & discharge contents of granules [e.g., histamine (a vasodilator & enhancer of capillary permeability) & heparin (an anticoagulant)] that enhance local inflammation initiated by mast cells, & attract other WBCs.
Characteristic of monocyte
Nucleus is large, eccentrically placed, & tends to be oval or kidney-shaped
Role of monocyte
– Generate tissue macrophages.
– Phagocytize & digest protozoa, virus & aged cells which might not be effectively dealt with by neutrophils.
– Antigen presentation
Can T lymphocyte & B lymphocyte be differentiated on blood smear?
No.
Characteristic of lymphocyte
thin halo of cytoplasm around a relatively large nucleus
Each platelet circulates for ______before being removed by _____
9-12 days ; splenic phagocytes
Platelets are produced in bone marrow by ______
megakaryocytes
Characteristic of platelets
Purple stained & granular appearance on blood smear
