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NCSF CPT > Pre-exercise Screening And Testing Considerations > Flashcards

Pre-exercise Screening And Testing Considerations Flashcards

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1
Q

Pre-exercise screening

A

Information must be collected prior to physical activity to identify factors that increase the clients overall risk for injury or negative outcomes.

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2
Q

Pre-exercise screening should include:

A

Physical limitations
Medical conditions
Lifestyle behaviors

Provision of education for the client concerning their relative health risks based on their lifestyle, daily behaviors and history.
Identification of current health status.
Provision of data that can be used to create the needs analysis and most appropriate program for the client.
Establishments of starting points
Identification of particular interests, attitudes, or possible training limitations.

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3
Q

4 parts of screening

A

Informed consent
Par Q
Health risk appraisal
Health status questionnaire

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4
Q

Informed consent:

A

Provides the opportunity to understand the risks, benefits, rationale, and expectations associated with the program.

Should include:

Explanation of the background and purpose for the service being rendered.
The potential risks associated with exercise participation
Explanation of program and testing procedures
Normal physiological expectations
Opportunity for inquiry
Right of refusal of service
Statement of client data confidentiality

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5
Q

Informed consent is a ____________ _____________ document protecting against claims that the client was unaware of protocol and risks related to an exercise program or test.

A

Legally defensible

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6
Q

Informed consent does _______ prevent the client from taking legal action, but provides legal defensibility when procedures in question have been performed correctly.

A

Not

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7
Q

Par Q

A

Physical activity readiness questionnaire
Presents seven questions that serve as red flag indicators for clients age 15-69 who may require medical clearance before engaging in physical testing or advice.
Practical for groups, easy to interpret, minimal expertise is required.

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8
Q

Disadvantages to par q

A

Limited when evaluating risk to low, moderate level intensity exercise
Should never be used as a single clearance for for vigorous activities
Little value beyond medical referral identification

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9
Q

Health risk appraisal

A

Health tool consisting of a questionnaire, formulas for estimating health risk, advice database, and means for generating reports.

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10
Q

Health status questionnaire

A

Structures, self reported questionnaire that generates scores for physical functioning, limitations due to physical or emotional issues, bodily pain, general health perceptions, vitality, social functioning, and overall mental health

It should be used in an interview format to allow for probing questions.

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11
Q

Trainers should pay close attention to:

A 
Cardiovascular and metabolic disease
Smoking history
Sedentary lifestyle 
Obesity
High BP
Blood Lipid profile
Impaired glucose tolerance
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12
Q

Warning signs for client risk

A 
Chronic pain
Dizziness or breathlessness
Heart plantations
Edema 
Unusual fatigue
Frequent thirst
Infrequent urination
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13
Q

Behavior questionnaire

A

Recognize program obstacles and health status areas requiring improvement.
Educate clients with regards to their lifestyle behaviors and dietary practices
Implement behavioral management strategies identify factors correlating to current health status.
Basically the BQ allows the trainer to find the correlating factors related to the issues found on the health status questionnaire

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14
Q

If the client is cleared of red flag medical concerns, the trainer should then identify and implement:

A

A resting battery of tests.

RHR
Resting BP
Body Compostition
Height/ weight and/or BMI
Waist circumference
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15
Q

A high RHR

A

Is associated with cardiovascular inefficiency and an increased risk for arrhythmias.

Healthy <75 RHR

Reduce RHR by
Aerobic exercise
Weight management
General physical activity

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16
Q

Resting Bp

CO x PR

A

Cardiac output x peripheral resistance

Vascular damage
Stroke
Kidney damage
Congestive heart failure

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17
Q

BP ranges

A

Normal <120/<80
Pre-Hypertensive 120-139/80-89
Stage 1 140-159/ 90-99
Stage 2 >160/ >100 * requires MA (medical approval/release).

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18
Q

Mmhg

A

Millimeters of mercury

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19
Q

Obesity Percentages

A

Male: >25% morbidly >30%

Female: >32% morbidly >40%

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20
Q

BMI

A

Height and weight measurements to predict body density
Does not directly assess body composition

27 high risk
30 obese / disease risk

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21
Q

Waist circumference

A

Reference of sub-q and visceral fat

> 40 male
35 female

High risk👆🏻

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22
Q

Dyslipidemia

A

Poor blood lipid profile

Elevated risk for cardiovascular disease while high fasting blood glucose is a red flag indicator for diabetes

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23
Q

Medical Referral Criteria

A 
LDL-C >135mg/dl
HDL-C >40 mg/dl
Total blood cholesterol: >240 mg/dl
Cholesterol ratio > 5
Total blood triglycerides: 200mg/ ml
Fasting blood glucose: 110mg /dl
24
Q

Fitness test should be:

A

Valid, reliable, objective, and appropriate for the client.

25
Q

Considerations for fitness testing:

A 
Gender
Age
Training status
Capabilities
Experience

Assess testing space and equipment and do a dry run with client

26
Q

A “valid” test and “reliable” test

A

High validity:

The test accurately quantifies what it is designed to measure

Reliable: testing measures can be easily reproduced, or a test can be validated during later re-testing procedures

27
Q

Factors that reduce test validity:

A 
Improper body position
Inexperience 
Inadequate techniques
Poor biomechanics
Momentum
Compensatory actions
28
Q

Factors that reduce the test reliability

A

Changes in the environment
Changes in testing methods
Using a different testing instrument
Failure to implement identical testing protocol

29
Q

Environmental factors influencing testing

A 
Ambient temp
Altitude
Humidity
Noise
Toxins
30
Q

Prior to test trainer should inspect:

A

The testing area
The equipment
Clients clothing
Clients footwear-proper

Provide clear instructions and a pre-during-post checklist
Make sure client is hydrated

-expose client to testing techniques and allow for skills acquisition prior to implementation: reduces anxiety/ boosts client performance.

31
Q

Proper testing order

A

Tests should be performed on different days
Tests that challenge nervous system (or immediate energy systems) should be conducted prior to endurance tests
Non fatiguing tests can be conducted between assessments and serve as a rest period.

Resting 
Strength and power
Muscular endurance 
Anaerobic capacity
Aerobic
32
Q

How to provide results:

Especially sub-par

A

Tact
Layman terms
Explain that results are starting points
Avoid negative terms

33
Q

Needs analysis

A

Refers to the organization of gathered data to identify the needs to be addressed within the exercise program
Aka create a “to-do” list with each client

34
Q

Goal setting

A

Daily objectives
Short term goals
Long term goals

Focusing on reaching multiple short term goals is preferred over one long term goal, be micro-ambitious.
Progress can be easily assessed.
Adjustments can be made to program design.

35
Q

Most common goal setting errors:

A

Developing unattainable or unrealistic goals

Failing to emphasize daily objectives

36
Q

Properly developed goals should:

A

Reflect controllable behaviors
Be specific, measurable, meaningful, and rewarding
Be Challenging but realistic
And should consider:

Clients capabilities and source of motivation
Cycle necessary to reach the target objective
Required effort on behalf of the client

37
Q

______________are the most important measure of health related fitness.

A

Cardiorespiratory fitness

Directly related to implications on disease and lifespan & direct influences on all other components of fitness.
Vo2 max

38
Q

Vo2 Max

A

The highest rate at which oxygen can be taken in and utilized by and individual during exercise
The lungs Reflects efficiency for delivering o2 to working muscle via the lungs, heart, and blood)
Can be estimated through predictive equations
Assessments usually measure distance, time, or HR

39
Q

Submaximal testing:

A 
Reduced risk for injury
Less skill involved 
Easier tests
Reduce stress on client 
Can be widely applied

Performed for a planned duration, distance, or until a given HR or intensity level has attained.

40
Q

Test examples: sub maximal

A 
Walking
Running
Stationary
Ass bike
Step
Swimming test
41
Q

Ml x kg/ min-1

A

The performance measure derived from o2 converted into an expression.

42
Q

Test stop indications

A

Client no longer comfortable performing test
Skin becomes pale
Fails to keep cadence for 20 seconds
Inability to maintain focus.
Faintness, dizziness, light headed
Stomach pain, vomiting, chest pain, difficulty breathing
Cramp, side stitch, strain, hardcore fatigue.

43
Q

Assessment of muscular fitness

A

Muscular strength
Muscular endurance

Trainers should utilize a minimum of 3 different exercises to incorporate the upper body, lower body, and trunk

44
Q

Muscle balance

A

Improves joint stability
Reduces the risk for injury
Improves the transition of force through the kinetic chain

45
Q

Muscle balance ratio goals

A 
Trunk flexors/extensors: 1:1
Hip flexors/extensors 1:1
Shoulder flexors/extensors: 2:3
Knee flexors/extensors 3:2
Elbow flexors/extensors 1:1
Plantar flexor/ dorsiflexor 3:1
46
Q

Potential strength testing issues include:

A

Risk of injury for deconditioned, unhealthy, inactive/sedentary lifestyle, unskilled lifters
Identification of maximal load
Improper movement mechanics with load
Stability requirements for form
Increased internal pressure (valsalva especially) must be correctly used

47
Q

Testing novice clients:

A

Familiarize client with proper performance of mechanics/movements
Side with the use of tests that utilize a higher volume test. (5-10)RM

48
Q

Free weights are preferred to machines:

A

Identify joint stability deficiencies
Measure force capacity outside of a fixed movement pattern.
Provide data that more closely transfers to free-living, everyday conditions and activities.

49
Q

Examples of muscular fitness testing

A

Isometric: chin hang

Maximal reps in a fixed period of time: paced curl ups

Til failure: push-ups

Only count properly performed reps. Do not count falsely compensated exertion at the expense of form.

50
Q

Endurance tests must be designed to use _____________ ______________ as the primary source of energy, not the phosphagen system.

A

Anaerobic glycolysis

51
Q

Anaerobic capacity

A

Measures the rate of power decline; or the length of time a muscle can perform an activity using the glycolytic pathway to generate fatigue until failure.

52
Q

Anaerobic capacity tests

A

15-90 seconds
Better predictors of functional performance than strength tests
Clients should have an appropriate baseline fitness level prior to test.

53
Q

Inflexibility is linked to

A

Musculoskeletal injuries
Acute and chronic low back pain
Postural dysfunction

54
Q

During flexibility tests the trainer should

A

Look for any compensatory actions and measure the terminal ROM if applicable.
Each joint should be assessed individually (bilateral)
Goniometer-document any pain, DO NOT DIAGNOSE

55
Q

Skin fold measurements:

Obese clients:

A

Mark x’s and explain test/ make client comfortable and ask permission.

BEI test or girth measurements

56
Q

SEE

A

Standard estimate for error. Should use tests with a see no greater than 4%

NCSF CPT (8 decks)

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