Pre-AP World History Test #4 Flashcards
Athens
capital and heart of ancient Greece
Sparta
city-state, had the most political authority, and had modernized beliefs
Persia
Alexandria
resembled much older empires; an imperial state determined to preserve order, raise taxes, and maintain the authority of the monarch.
Bactria
Asia Minor
peninsula in Western Asia and consists of Italy, Greece, Albania, Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Egypt, Libya, Israel and Lebanon.
Ionia - region on the western coast of Anatolia
Greeks in Ionia (Anatolia) revolt against Persian Rule in 499 BCE.
Athenians support.
Persians send troops to crush rebellion and try to defeat Athens in 490 and 480 BCE
Battle of Marathon
490 bce
Persian king darius
Greeks win
Battle of Thermopylae (300)
480 bce
Persian king xerxes
Battle of Salamis
Final defeat of persians at sea
Herodotus
“first historian” as his writing about the Greco-Persian War had suggested the humans were the ones behind the conflict, not simply the gods.
Thucydides
“greatest historian”
General in the Peloponnesian war, later wrote its history
He saw the activities of human beings- not gods
He thought the study of history was of great value in understanding the presence
Satrap
Persian governor; “eyes and ears” of the Persian kings in their respective provinces.
Satrapies
the area/province governed by a satrap.
Empire
The domination of one state by another
Royal Road
1,677 miles, royal messengers took 7 days, while most took 3 months.
Persepolis:
capital of the Persian Empire; name comes from the Greek Perses-polis (Persian City).
Direct Democracy:
Each and every vote is counted as a single vote towards a poll (Athens)
Alexander the Great
Philip II of Macedon conquered most of the Greek city-states but was assassinated in 336 BCE and his son Alexander took the throne. Alexander wanted to destroy the Persian threat to the Greek World and waged military campaigns against the Persians. For ten years, Alexander seized territory as far east as Afghanistan and India but eventually died in 323 BCE in Babylon.
Socrate
a philosopher who believed the goal of education was only to improve the individual; believed people could be happy by living moral lives, and that they could also be taught how to behave morally.
Plato
believed that only experts should rule as ruling is a skill; in a democracy people “rule” and people are not experts.
Allegory of the Cave
Helots
Pericles
an Athenian general and politician who believed that Athenian democracy considered everyone to be free. Social class wouldn’t affect one’s abilities as long as one is able to serve the state.
King Cyrus
King Darius
Led the persian army which Alexander attacked and defeated in 331 bc.
Hellenism
Hellenistic culture is the blending of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian and Indian culture.
Alexandria, Egypt became the seat of learning for the empire: Famous library of Alexandria
The arts flourished as did philosophy, science and literature
King Xerxes
How did Sparta expand?
They chose to conquer instead of creating colonies.
Golden Age of Athens
After the Persian war, Athenians had become somewhat of an imperialistic society. During the Peloponnesian War, Athens was defeated. This vulnerability led to a takeover from Macedonia, causing the collapse of Greek civilization.
Impact of the Greco/Persian Wars
Creation of east vs west divide - us vs them
Crusades, Opium War, 9/11 and war of terror
Formation of a greek national identity
Black Athena Debate
the argument that the development of Greek civilization was heavily influenced by Afroasiatic civilizations.
- The Greeks themselves are descendents of Egyptians
- Egypt provided many of the intellectual and artistic contributions later attributed to the classical Greeks.
Polis
A town, city, or village where people could meet for political, religious, and social activities
What was life like for Spartan men?
Tightly controlled lives
Enrolled in military at 20
At 30, they were allowed to vote in the assembly
What was life like for Spartan women?
Lived at home
Expected to remain fit to bear and raise healthy children
Describe Spartan government
Oligarchy - rule by the few
Why did the Spartans discourage the study of philosophy, literature, and the arts?
The art of war was the Spartan ideal, all other arts were forced upon.
Why did the Spartans discourage the study of philosophy, literature, and the arts?
The art of war was the Spartan ideal, all other arts were forced upon.
