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PRD 131 > Prd 131: Molars, > Flashcards

Prd 131: Molars, Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of molars

A
  • keep cheeks full (esthetic)
  • chewing/grinding (mastication)
  • vertical dimension of the face and occlusion. (vertical dimension of occlusion or VDO); height of lower 3rd face- proper distance chin and nose
  • continuity of dental arch, keep other teeth in alignment
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2
Q

when do the first molars erupt?

A

age 6

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3
Q

what are the strongest/largest teeth in the arch

A

1st molars

-centered in arch, devestating for arch contunity to lose

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4
Q

how much of their quadrant do the 3 maxillary/mandibular molars make up

A

maxillary : 44%

mandibular: 51%

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5
Q

what can result in 6 or more molar loss

A

tmj problems

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6
Q

GENERAL (all molars) ; what is wider, mesio distal or cervico occlusal

A

mesio distal is larger than cervico occlusal

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7
Q

GENERAL : where are molars larger width wise, buccal or lingual? exception and why is it that way?

A

TAPER TO LINGUAL (larger buccal)

-EXCEPTION is first maxillary molar ; they have large disto-lingual cusps and may taper towards buccal.

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8
Q

GENERAL: (all molars) which side is the taper, mesial or distal from occlusal view?

A

ALL taper distally!!! from occlusal view
-so its narrower buccolingually on distal than mesial and narrower mesiodistally on lingual than facial (general, except first maixlla)

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9
Q

maxillary molars: what is wider, facio-lingual or mesio-distal?

A

facial lingual is greater!! BL>MD

more square/parallelogram than mandibular

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10
Q

what shape occlusally is the mandibular first molar

A

pentagon shape! vs rectangle of other mandibular molarx

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11
Q

what are the 4 cusps of maxillary 4 cusp molars? and the order of size

A

mesiolingual cusp > mesiobuccal cusp > distobuccal cusp > distolingual cusp

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12
Q

what are the 4 cusps of maxillary 5 cusp molars and order of size (whats the 5th called and where is it?? which molar is it found in usually? how large is it?

A

mesiolingual cusp> mesiobuccal cusp>distobuccal cusp>distolingual cusp>cusp of CARABELLI

-cusp of carabelli is usually on the lingual of ML cusp of maxillary first molars on the side of occlusal table- SIZE VARIES

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13
Q

for maxillary molars what are the ridges (cusps that form it) and what is the largest/longest cusp

A

mesial triangular ridge between ml and mb
distal triangular ridge : forms oblique ridge Mesiolingual to distal buccal !!!!

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14
Q

which cusps form the oblique ridge on maxillary molars?

A

mesiolingual and distobuccal

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15
Q

are all 5 maxillary cusps on occlusal table

A

5th cusp of carabelli is on side of occlusal table

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16
Q

what is the size gradient of mandibular molar cusps

A

ML>DL>MB>DB

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17
Q

where will you find a fifth cusp on mandibular molars/ which molars is it found on (how often?)

A

found on the first (USUALLY PRESENT) and SOMETIMES third molars!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
-minor fifth cusp is called distal cusp and is next to distobuccal cusp

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18
Q

GENERAL for molars: where is mesial/distal contact found? which is more cervical/ more occlusal? want to remmber

A
  • mesial is at or near junction of the occlusal and middle thirds
  • distal is in the middle third! (more cervical than the mesial)
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19
Q

GENERAL for molars: where is the height of contor facial/lingual?

A

facial is in cervical third

lingual is in middle third!!!!!!1

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20
Q

what is the arch trait rregarding tilt on mandibular molars?

A

mandibular molars tilt lingually relative to the root trunk!

note that all mandibular teeth tilt lingually when viewed from mesial or distal , but I think the tilt vs root is special

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21
Q

what are the feature of maxillary molar roots? Name of each root, size vs crown and relative length of the roots?

A

contain mesiobuccal, distobuccal and lingual (or PALATAL) roots!!!!!!!!!!!

  • roots are nearly twice as long as the crowns!
  • relative length is palatal>mesiobuccal>distobuccal
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22
Q

mandibular roots; which is longer than the other and what are the two

A

mesial and distal roots

mesial is usually slightly longer than the distal root

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23
Q

how common is it to have wisdom teeth missing

A

20% of the population are missing one or more 3rd molar

24
Q

what is the last tooth to erupt

A

wisdom teeth

decay easily , may not contribute to function and may cause crowding

25
Q

type trait: comparing maxilary first and second molars’ which is larger and where is it larger? which one tips and in which direction?

A

first molar is broader mesiodistally than the 2nd molar near the junction of the occlusal and middle third of the tooth!!!!!!!!!!!

-2nd molar is often tipped distally on the root trunk! seee slide 29

26
Q

how many cusps are in the first and second maxillary molars? how often is it different?

A

four cusps in second molar, first molar has a fifth cusp 70% of the time!!!!!! otherwise four

27
Q

compare lingual cusps of first and second maxillary molars (both types of 2nd maxillary)

A

first: two well defined cusps ML and DL. fifth on mesiolingual cusp usualy (70%) carabelli.

second (four cusp type): has ML and DL cusps

second (three cusp type): Has DL cusp missing- only ML.

28
Q

what are the ridges and the cusps that connec tthem on first and second maxillary molars?
how is oblique ridge different in 2nd vs 1st maxillary molars?

A

transverse ridge: ML to MB cusp

oblique ridge: ML to DB cusp

2nd molars have a smaller oblique ridge than first molars do

check slide 34 for in depth four cusp type

29
Q

FOUR CUSP TYPE of maxillary molar; which fossa does the central groove connect? where do the buccal groove, distal oblique groove, lingual groove, and transverse groove of oblique ridge descend from

A
  • centrla groove connects the mesial fossa to the central fossa
  • buccal groove extends from the central fossa
  • distal oblique groove extends from the distal fossa (towards the lingual)
  • lingual groove extends from the distal oblique groove (continues it) onto the buccal wall
  • transverse groove of oblique ridge connects the central groove and the distal oblique groove
30
Q

what grooves are absent on the 3 cusp type of second maxilllary molar? what are the 2 major grooves of this molar?

A

two major grooves are buccal and central!

-absent: distal oblique groove, lingual groove, and transverse groove of oblique ridge!

31
Q

what is at the buccal end of the distal oblique groove on four cusp type maxillary molars

A

distal triangular fossa

32
Q

what are the 4 fossae on four cusp maxillary molars?

A

mesial triangular fossa , central fossa, distal triangular fossa, and distal fossa (on the distal oblique groove)

33
Q

where does the buccal groove extend to on the buccal side of the second and first maxillary molars
-which one more often has caries in the pit

A

extends into the middle third of the crown

-pit is SOMETIMES present at the end of the groove and can be a caries site but this is less often on the second molar

34
Q

maxillary first and second molars lingual groove- does it have a pit?

A

yes it has a pit at the end of the groove and can be a site for caries

35
Q

where are marginal ridge grooves usually found on maxillary 1st/second molars (mesial vs distal, first vs second molars?)

A

more common on mesial than distal, and more common on first than second molars

36
Q

what are tubercles? where are they often found and which maxillary molars?

A

projections of enamels- marginal ridges may have these. (bw marginal ridge grooves)

-usually on mesial and rarely found on distal marginal ridge, RAREly on 2nd molars either!!!!!!!!!!!

37
Q

where is the furcation of the root for maxillary molars? (first and second)

A

junction of cervical and middle third of roots usually

38
Q

which has a longr root trunk-first or second maxillary molars?

A

second molars have a longer root trunk!

39
Q

in maxillary first molars; which roots bend and in what direction? how far does the MB root curve ?

A

mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots often bend (direction of db not sure)
-mesiobuccal root may curve distally enough to put its apex distal to the buccal groove

40
Q

where is the root depression on maxillary molars? what is it continuous with

A

lingual aspect of the palatal root, may be continous with the lingual groove.
-on first molars, the palatal root is the third longest of any maxillary tooth after canines and second premolars

41
Q

what are some features of maxillayr third molars (how many cusps, groove features and size?)

A

so much variation so its hard to describe

  • roots and crown are shorter than first or second molars
  • crown often has lots of supplemental grooves
  • may have 3, 4 or 5 cusps
42
Q

which tooth has the largest mesio-distal dimension of ANY tooth?

A

first mandibular molar!

43
Q

compare buccal cusps of first and second mandibular molars

A

first have 3 buccal cusps and second have 2!

44
Q

1st vs second mandib molar, which has a more prominent buccal heihgt of contour?

A

second molar is more prominent!!!!!!!! btw its in cervical third!

45
Q

how often is the 5th (distal) cusp of the first mandibular molar missing?

A

1/5th of the time. 15-20% have just four. so know that a 4 cusp is not ALWAYS a second molar!

46
Q

what is wider (Mesiodistally) the MB or the DB cusp on second mandibular molars?

A

MB is wider usually!

47
Q

what is longer, ML or DL on first and second mandibular molars?

A

ML is usually longer AND wider (slightly) than DL

48
Q

how many buccal grooves are on mandibular 1 and 2 molars

A

first has two, second has one

49
Q

what do the mesiobuccal and distobuccal grooves of first mandibular molar separate
how do the grooves compare (pits, length)

A

mesiobucal; MB and DB cusps (may be a deep pit at cervical end of groove and can be a site for caries)

distobuccal; DB and D cusp (shorter and not frequently pitted)

50
Q

how does the second mandibular molars buccal groove end

A

may end in the middle of the buccal surface in a PIT

so it could be carious

51
Q

how does the lingual groove of first and second mandibular molars end

A

in occlusal third with NO PIT

UNLIKELY to be carious

52
Q

what are the occlusal fossae of the mandibular molars (1 and 2)

A

THREE: mesial triangular fossa, central fossa, and distal triangular fossa
-each or all may posess a pit.

53
Q

how do the triangular ridges of mandibular molars compare lingual vs buccal?

A

lingual cusps are taller so they have longer triangular ridges than buccal does.

54
Q

how does the cervical line slope on first and second mandibular molars? mesial,distal,buccal

A
  • mesial CEJ of both first and second shapes OCCLUSAL from buccal to lingual!
  • distal cervical line is nearly straight, but slopes slightly occlusally!!
  • buccal cej is nearly straight across. occasionally a point of enamel slips down nearly into the root bifurcation is present!! can also have this on the lingual and it can cause periodontal issues
55
Q

how do first vs second mandib molar roots vary from each other in terms of divergence, proximity to the cej, root trunk?

also where is there a depression on the root

A

first molars have bifurcation more cervical!! shorter root trunk than second molar.
-first mandib molar roots diverge MORE than second!

PRD 131 (25 decks)

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