Dental Anatomy + Morphology Flashcards
what is the universal numbering system?
what we use at school and in the US
Succedaneuous / permanent / secondary dentition
-1-16 from UR to UL, 17-32 from LL to LR
Primary/deciduous dentition:
-A->J is UR to UL, K->T is LL to LR
what is the palmer notation system?
used by specialists and oral surgeons sometimes
- succedaneous / permanent / secondary dentition:
- counting from midline to third molar (1->8) with the notation of | and | for upper right and upper left respectively, and downward for the LL and LR
- deciduous/primary dentition :
- -counting from midline using the brackets, goes from A to E in each quadrant
what is the international numbering system?
- succedaneous /secondary/ permanent dentition
- quadrants are UR (1) , UL (2), LL (3), LR (4) , and then midline counting from 1->8, putting the quadrant number first. so right maxillary canine would be 13, etc.
- deciduous, primary dentition
- quadrants are UR (5), UL (6), LL (7), LR (8) and we use NUMBERS for it counting 1->5 from the midline!
what is the other word for secondary dentition?
succedaneous
what are the different types of trait categories and what they mean
set trait: primary vs secondary dentition
arch trait: maxillary vs mandibular
class trait: canine vs molar or incisor vs canine etc.
type trait: first molar vs second molar
what is the enamel made up of (%s) and cover
95% calcium hydroxyapatite
4% water
1% organic matter
enamel is highly calcified and inorganic (only 1% organic matter)
covers the CROWN of the tooth
what does enamel develop from
ectoderm, product of ameloblast cells.
what is dentin made up of (%s)
12% water, 18% organic matter, 70% calcium hydroxyapatite
what does dentin develop from
mesoderm and its the product of odontoblast cells
-calcified and inorganic but much softer than enamel!
what does cementum develop from?
(external layer of anatomical root)
mesoderm, product of cementoblast cells.
what is cementum made up of (%s), what are its features?
65% hydroxyapatite, 23% organic matter, 12% water
- dull yellow color, its slightly softer than dentin and about as hard as bone is.
- calcified and inorganic!
what is the clinical crown and root
the clinical crown is the part of the tooth that is visible. This could include the anatomical root!
The clinical root is the part of the tooth that is not visible
what separates the anatomic crown and anatomic root?
The CERVICAL LINE, which is the cementoenamel junction (CEJ)
what are the junctions in the tooth and are they visible?
- cementoenamel junction (CEJ) where cementum meets enamel (cervical line)
- Dentinoenamel junction (DEJ) where dentin meets enamel, visible on xrays! Visible in cross section or badly worn teeth
- cementodentinal junction (CDJ) where cementum meets dentin- visible in cross section or badly worn teeth/broken
what are the surfaces of the teeth
facial - includes buccal (for posterior) and labial (for anterior) both maxillary and mandibular
lingual- closest to tongue (mandibular AND maxillary)
palatal- another term for closest to tongue (maxillary ONLY)
proximal - includes mesial (towards midline) and distal (away from midline)
occlusal - chewing surface of the posterior teeth, has cusps , cusp slopes / ridges
incisal edge - cutting surface on incisors
canine has a cusp tip!
what are the divisions of the crown and root
crown: cervical, medial, and occlusal (posterior teeth) or incisal (anterior teeth-including canines)
root: cervical, medial, apical
vertically you have 3 more sections- mesial, middle and distal (creating 9 squares on the crown)
what is the labial ridge
the ridge that runs along the canine crown cervico-incisally (vertical, about middle of it) on labial side
what is the buccal ridge
ridge that runs along premolars cervico-occlusally (vertical, mid tooth) on buccal side
what is a marginal ridge
on incisors and canines- located on both mesial and distal borders of the lingual surface
on posterior teeth , located on mesial and distal borders of occlusal surface
what is the cervical ridge (***)
ridge running mesiodistally on the cervival third of the crown on the buccal surface. On all deciduous teeth, but ONLY on permanent molars!!
what is the triangular ridge (***)
on occlusal surface of posterior teeth, going from any cusp tip to the center of the occlusal surface, with the groove as the base of the triangle.
what is a transverse ridge?
crosses occlusal surface buccal to lingual , made of two connecting (at the base) triangular ridges
-posterior teeth
what is an oblique ridge?
found only on maxillary molars!! made up of the triangular ridges from the mesiolingual + distobuccal cusps (slide 54)
what is a developmental groove
sharply defined narrow and linear depression formed during tooth development , separating lobes (major teeth portions).
Fissure
may be found at the depth of developmental grooves, imperfect union of lobes during development
supplemental groove
small, less deep grooves, irregularly placed- not at junction of lobes or major portions of the teeth
fossa
depression or hollow found on lingual side of anterior teeth and occlusal side of posterior teeth
pit
pit occurs at the depths of fossa where two or more grooves join
what surrounds the pulp chamber and canal
dentin except at the apical foramen
what does pulp derive from and whats in it
mesoderm , its soft and not calcified
what is a cingulum
the enlargement or bulge on the cervical third of the lingual surface of the crown of anterior teeth (more info later?)
which teeth have incisal edge?
all of the anterior teeth!
-for canines, incisal edge is the two cusp ridges i think
