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Judaism > Prayers/Daily Routine > Flashcards

Prayers/Daily Routine Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the Amida do we insert personal prayers?

A

Can insert a short personal prayer within each of the middle 13 blessings of the Amidah. For example:

  • Ask for the speedy recovery of specific person within the blessing of Refa-enu (Heal us)
  • Pray for livelihood in the blessing of Barech Aleinu (G‑d grant blessing)

Requests that are unrelated to any of these 13 blessings can be added to:

  • Shema Koleinu (“Hear our voice”), before concluding words ki attah shome’a tefilat kol peh
  • End of Elokai Netzor, before yiheyu leratzon
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2
Q

When is Ha-gomel said?

A

Recited after:

  • recovering from a grave illness (ask Halachic authority)
  • safely crossing an ocean or desert
  • after being released from prison (ask Halachic authority)
  • other life-threatening situations (e.g. car accident, building collapse)

Must have minyan when reciting Ha-gomel, customary to recite it after Keriat ha-Torah, since minyan is always present then

Blessing: Ha-gomel l’chayavim tovot she-gemalani kol tov (Who does good to the undeserving and Who has rendered every kindness to me)

The listener responds: Mi she-gemalecha tov Hu yigemalecha kol tov selah (May He Who rendered you every kindness continue to deal kindly with you forever)

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3
Q

What are the blessings before partaking called?

A

Birchot Ha-nehenin (“enjoyment”)
Birchot Ha-mitzvot
Birchot Ha-shevach (“praise”)

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4
Q

When is She-hecheyanu said?

A
  1. Eating first fruit of the season
  2. Wearing an important new garment for the 1st time
  3. Infrequent mitzvah: e.g. sitting in Succah
  4. During Yom Tov candle lighting (with the exception of last days of Pesach):
    a) Pesach
    b) Shavuot
    c) Rosh Hashana
    d) Yom Kippur
    e) Sukkot
    f) Shmini Atzeret
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5
Q

What is Eiruv Tavshilin?

A 
Eiruv = domain
Tavshilin = mixing

If a holiday day — whether the first or second day of a holiday — falls on a Friday, an eruv tavshilin is set aside on the day preceding the holiday (Wednesday or Thursday afternoon), so that we will be permitted to prepare for Shabbat (cooking as well as any other necessary preparations) on the holiday. Only one eruv is required per household.

This eruv consists of a challah/matzah, and one cooked food (e.g. unpeeled hard-boiled egg, meat, or fish)

While standing, and holding the food in the right hand, say: …al mitzvat eiruv

Followed by: “by means of these eiruv foods, we will be permitted to bake, cook, keep foods warm, light candles, carry, and do all that we need on Yom Tov for Shabbat.”

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6
Q

What are the five grains and the blessings?

A

WROBS = Wheat, Rye, Oats, Barley, Spelt
Blessing: Borei Minei Mezonot (also for rice)
After blessing: Me’ein Shalosh (except for rice: Borei Nefashot)

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7
Q

What is Birchot Ha-shevach, and give three examples.

A

Birchot Ha-shevach (“blessing of praise”) are blessings in praise, gratitude or recognition.

  1. She-hecheyanu (“sustaining us”)
  2. She-kocho u’gevurato malei olam (hearing thunder)
  3. Birkat Ha-gomel (escaping danger)
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8
Q

If you say Baruch Attah Hashem accidentally, what do you do?

A

Recite: Baruch Attah Hashem lamedeini chukecha (“Blessed are You, Hashem, teach me Your statutes”)

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9
Q

What does Amen mean?
What is Amen Chatufah?
What is Amen Yetomah?

A

Amen = Truth
Amen Chatufah is a “snatched” Amen
Amen Yetomah is when the person did not respond Amen immediately after the end of the blessing, or does not know which blessing to respond to

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10
Q

What is Berachot Acharonot?

A

Recited after eating a k’zayit (“olive”) or more of food, or drinking a revi’it (2.9 or 5.07 fl oz) or more of liquid within a period of toch kedei achilat prat (3 to 9 minutes).

Three types of berachah acharonah:

  1. Birkat Ha-mazon
  2. Me’ein Shalosh
  3. Borei Nefashot

One should not leave the area where he at the food until he has recited the berachah acharonah.

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11
Q

What is the prayer “My God, guard my tongue..” called?

A

Elokai Netzor

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12
Q

What blessing is said for handwashing if there is no water?

A

…al nekiyut yadayim (purity/cleanliness of hands)

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13
Q

What prayers are said only with the congregation?

A
  1. Barekhu (Praised..)
  2. Kedushah
  3. Kaddish
  4. Birkat Kohanim
  5. Torah reading
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14
Q

What is Piyutim?

A

Liturgical poem inserted into prayers, e.g. on Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, other Yom Tov, Shabbat, etc.

Daily examples: Adon Olam, Yigdal

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15
Q

What is sunset called?

A

Shekiah

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16
Q

What blessings are recited before smelling something fragrant?

A
  • Grass and flowers: Borei isvei vesamim (created grass fragrance/wood)
  • Wood: Borei atzei vesamim (created tree fragrance/herb)
  • Fruits: Ha-notein re’ach tov la-perot (who has given a pleasant smell to fruit)
  • Other: Borei minei vesamim (created various fragrances/herb)
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17
Q

What blessings are recited before eating foods?

A
  • Hamotzi lechem min haaretz (brings forth bread from the earth)
  • Borei minei mezonot (created various sustenance)
  • Borei peri hagafen (created fruit of the vine)
  • Borei peri ha-etz (created fruit of the tree)
  • Borei peri ha-adamah (created fruit of the earth)
  • She-ha-kol niheyah bi-devaro (all things came into being by words)
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18
Q

What are the 3 parts of the Brichot Ha Torah?

A
  1. La-asok b’divrei Torah (engross ourselves with Torah)
  2. V-ha arev na (sweeten the words)
  3. Asher bachar banu (selected us from)
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19
Q

What is Me’ein Shalosh?

A

After blessing for:
* Five grains (al ha-michyah v’al ha-kalekalah)
* Wine and grape juice (al ha-gefen v’al peri ha-gefen)
* Five Israeli fruits: grapes, pomegranate, figs, olives,
dates (al ha-etz v’al peri ha-etz)

Meaning: summary of three, an abridged form of the first three blessings of Birchat Hamazon

If one ate several diff. types of foods above together, recite Me’ein Shalosh once, with both passages.

On Shabbat, Yom Tov, and Rosh Chodesh, a sentence referring to the holiness of the day is included when reciting Me’ein Shalosh.

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20
Q

What are the five Israeli fruits?

A

“GDP OF”:

grapes, dates, pomegranate, olives, figs

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21
Q

What three prayers from Birchot HaShahar must be recited first thing in the morning, before doing davening Shacharit?

A
  1. Al netilat yadayim
  2. Elokai neshama
  3. Birchot HaTorah (may not study Torah and all holy objects before reciting this)
22
Q

What is Kot Shel Berachah?

A

When Birkat Hamazon is recited with a zimmum (3 men over age of bar mitzvah), the leader of the zimmum holds the cup while reciting Birkat Ha-mazon.

Afterwards, the leader says blessing borei peri ha-gafen and drinks this wine. If the host led the zimmun, he then passes a bit of wine to his wife and the other men who took part in the zimmum.

23
Q

Why do we do netilat yadayim first thing in the morning?

A
  1. Priestly washing

2. When sleeping, hands touched unclean parts of the body

24
Q

What are the two parts of a blessing?

A
  1. Baruch atah Hashem, Elokeinu, Melech HaOlam

2. The specific reason for reciting the blessing

25
Q

What is sunrise called?

A

Netz Ha-chamah (rising sun)

26
Q

Priority of putting on and removing shoes?

A

Putting on: first right shoe, then left shoe. Tie left shoe lace, then tie right shoe lace.

Taking off: left shoe first, then right.

Why:

  1. This custom is based on the belief that the right is more important than the left.
  2. Shoes should be tied from the left since knotted teffilin is worn on the left arm.

(Since the tying of shoes is a reminder of the tying of teffilin, for those who are left handed, and who place the teffilin on their right arm, the right shoe should be tied first rather than the left, so that the tying of shoes matches the tying of teffilin.)

27
Q

When is hand washing required?

A

Examples:

  1. Entering bathroom
  2. Haircut, shaving, nails
  3. Visiting cemetery/funeral
  4. Touching shoes, feet, scalp
28
Q

What is dawn called?

A

Alot Hashachar (dawn)

29
Q

What is aliyot and how is it performed?

A

Aliyot means “ascend” or “go up”:
The men are called up to recite a blessing on the Sefer Torah. Three men receive successive aliyot.

The order is:

  1. Kohen (if none, then Levi or Yisrael; if given to Levi, the second aliyah is given to Yisrael only)
  2. Levi (if none, given to Kohen)
  3. Yisrael

Procedure:

  1. Take shortest path to the bimah
  2. Grab wooden handles of Torah with booth hands
  3. Say out loud: Barech et Hashem ha-mevorah (“Bless Hashem, the Blessed One”), followed by congregation’s response.
  4. Say blessing: “…asher bachar banu mi-kol ha-amin v’natan lanu et Torato”
  5. After the Torah reading, recite the blessing: “…asher natan lanu Torat emet v’chayei olam nata b’tocheinu” (Who has given us a Torah of Truth and has planted eternal life in our mist)
  6. Customary to wait for next person’s Torah reading to finish, then leave the bimah, going the longest route.
30
Q

What are daylight hours called, and what is the period from?

A

Sha’ot Zemaniot.

From alot ha-shachar to tzeit ha-kochavim.

31
Q

What are the appropriate times to recite the Shema?

A

Morning:
Earliest: Misheyakir (recognizing acquaintance from 4 amot apart), also earliest time to put on tallit/tefillin
Best time: Vasikin (just before sunrise)
Latest time: end of the 3rd shat’ot

Evening:
Earliest: tzeit ha-kochavim
Latest: ideally before “mid”night, but anytime before dawn is a fulfillment of the obligation

32
Q

What is Keriat Shema al Ha-Mittah?

A

Bedtime Shema.

Procedure: right before sleep, one recites the blessing Ha-mapil chevlei sheinah (“Who makes the bonds of sleep fall”), and at least the first paragraph of Shema.

  • Best to recite all three paragraphs of Keriat Shema, because they contain 248 words, which correspond to the 248 limbs of a person’s body
  • Shema should be recited first, so that Ha-mapil is recited right before falling asleep.
  • Should be recited sitting or standing.
33
Q

What is morid hatal?

A

Prayer for drew.

Start on 1st day of Pesach until Shemini Atzeret.

34
Q

How do you say rabbinical in hebrew?

A

d’Rabbanan

35
Q

What is the morning blessing called?

A

Birchot Hashahar

36
Q

When do we say “Baruch Hu u’varuch Shemo” ?

A

During the cantor’s repetition of the Amida, after every Baruch Attach HaShem, respond with this phrase.

37
Q

Who is the Ba’al Korei?

A

The official reader of the Torah.

38
Q

What is the written Torah called?

A

Torah Shebichtav

39
Q

What is the oral Torah called?

A

Torah Sheba’al Peh

40
Q

What is Bidi’Kaht Chametz and how is it done?

A

Nullification of the Chametz.

Done on the night before Erev Pesach, after tzeit hakohavim:

  1. 10 pieces of bread are scattered around the house.
  2. Light a single candle
  3. The bracha of al bi’ur chametz is recited
  4. Search using the candle or flashlight
  5. All the chametz found are gathered, to be burned in the morning
  6. Recite Kol Chamira
41
Q

What are the 4 blessings of Birkat Hamazon?

A
  1. The food (“birkat hazan”): God for sustaining life and providing food for all creatures.
  2. The land: (“birkat haretz”): thanks God for being compassionate and nourishing the Jewish people, both with food and with Torah.
    In this second blessing, additional paragraphs are added during Purim and Hanukkah.
  3. Jerusalem (“birkat Yerushalayim”): begs God to be merciful and continue to support the Jewish people, adding a plea to God to quickly rebuild Jerusalem.
  4. G-d who does good (“birkat hatov v’hameitiv”): stresses the various positive manifestations of the relationship between the Jewish people and God, and ends by voicing the hope that “God will never deny us anything good.”
42
Q

What changes to the morning service occurs for Rosh Chodesh?

A
  1. On the Shabbat preceding, the blessing of the new month is inserted
  2. In the Shachrait Amida, insert Ya-a-lay V’ya-vo in Reizi (Temple)
  3. Half Hallel
  4. Torah reading: Numbers 28 (Pinchas)
  5. Mussaf
  6. Psalm 104
43
Q

How many times do we say Ashrei in a day?

A

3 times

Shachrait (2 times)

1) During Psukei D’Zimra
2) after Torah reading (or Mussaf on Rosh Hodesh / Yom Tov), before , L’Minatzeach and U’va L’Tzion

Mincha (1 time)
3) Before the Amida

44
Q

1) What is Hallel?
2) What are the themes in Hallel?
3) When do we say Hallel?
4) What is the difference between Full v. Half Hallel?

A

1) Means “Praise”. Psalms 113-118; incorporate gratitude for God’s past acts of salvation/miracles and faith in God’s future redemption of Israel.
2) a) Exodus, b) splitting the sea, c) giving of Torah, d) future revivification of the dead, e) coming of Messiah

3) Hallel is recited on Rosh Hodesh and holidays (“mo’ed”):
Sukkot (and Shemini Atzeret), Passover, Shavuot, Chanukah.
Hallel is not said on Rosh Hashanah or Yom Kippur because they are considered somber days.

Many Jews also recite it on the modern festivals of Yom Ha’atzmaut (Israel Independence Day) and Yom Yerushalayim (Jerusalem Day).

Hallel is said following the repetition of the Amidah.

4) Half Hallel skips some parts (~15%). This is done on Rosh Chodesh and the intermediate and last days of Passover.
Nowadays the custom is to skip the first half of Psalm 115 and the first half of Psalm 116. One explanation for this is that the themes of the first half of these psalms are very similar to the second half.

Extra:

  • Psalm 113, a psalm of introductory praises.
  • Psalm 114, King David shows how God’s providence freed the Jews from Egyptian bondage and made their survival possible.
  • Psalm 115, appeal for God’s assistance.
  • Psalm 116, plead with God for survival
  • Psalm 117, invite the nations of the world to join our songs of thanksgiving for our redemption
  • Psalm 118 can be interpreted in two different ways. David perhaps personally thanks God for his survival, or perhaps David represents the Jewish people and therefore the Psalm is a song of thanksgiving for the entire nation of Israel.
45
Q

What are the parts of Shacharit for a Weekday?

A

1) Brichot Ha-Shachar
2) Parshiyot Ha-Korbanot
3) Pesukei D’zimrah
4) Keriat Shema
5) Silent Amida
6) Repetition of the Amida
7) Tachanun
8) Keriat Ha-Torah (Mon/Thurs)
9) Ending prayers: Ashrei, La-mentze’ach (Psalm 20), U’Va l’Tzion, Shir shel Yom, Ein k’Elokeinu, Pitum Ha-Ketores, Aleinu L’shabe’ach

46
Q

What is the min prayers to recite for Shacharit if pressed for time?

A 
Baruch She-Amar
Ashrei
Nishmat [Shabbat only]
Yishtabach
Keriat Shema
Amida
47
Q

1) What is the principal time to recite Shacharit?
2) Best time for Amida?
3) Latest time for Amida?

A

1) hanetz hachamah (rising sun) to four sha’at zamaniot (1/3 of daylight hours)
2) hanetz hachamah, called Tefillat vasikin (the prayer of the pious)
3) end of fourth sha’ah zemanot

48
Q

What is Al Hanissim?

A

Prayer inserted into the Modim (18th benediction of the Amida) and into the second benediction of Birkat Hamazon.

Relates briefly to the story of Hanukkah and Purim.

The introductory sentence reads as follows: Al Hanisim —“We thank Thee for the miracles, the redemption, and the triumphant victories, and liberation which Thou hast wrought for our fathers in days of old at this season.” Following that is a description of the basic events of Hanukkah (“Bimay Mattityahu–in the days of Mattathias] and Purim (“Bimay Mordehcai–in the days of Mordecai”].

ince Al Hanisim serves as an expression of thanksgiving, it is most fitting that it is placed into the benediction called Hoda’ah (“Thanksgiving”).

49
Q

What is Tachanun and when it it recited?

A

Tachanum means “supplication of compassion”.

After completing Shemoneh Esrei, which is recited standing, the mitzvah of Tefillah is continued by reciting the Tachanun in a manner reminiscent of prostration (see Rambam, Hilchos Tefillah 5:1,13). Thus Tachanun should be viewed and treated as a continuation of the Shemoneh Esrei (Levush).

On Mondays and Thursdays (Torah reading days), a lengthy prayer is inserted before Tachanun called “vehu rachum” or “He, the merciful one.” This is a heartfelt plea to forgive the Jewish people of their wrongdoings, end our duress in exile and return us back to our Homeland with the rebuilding of the Temple. Mondays and Thursdays are considered, in Jewish tradition, to be days especially endowed with God’s mercy. Therefore we add extra supplications to tap into that outpouring of compassion.

Tachanum not recited on “joyful days”: Yom Tov (including Chol HaMoed), Rosh Chodesh, the month of Nissan, etc.

The Rambam writes that the most important aspect of Tachanun is to make personal requests. He pointedly states that there is no limit to the number of personal requests one may say. Many follow this highly recommended practice.

50
Q

What are the changes to the prayer service during the minor fast days?

A

TBD

Judaism (13 decks)

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