Practices and Processes of Care Flashcards
What are pharmacist’s direct patient care scope of practice in all 50 states?
-Obtain medication histories
-Review the patient’s medications to identify medication-related problems
-Intervene with the physician to resolved identified problems
-Educate the patient about the proper use of medications
-Encourage adherence to prescribed medications
-Document and communicate information to the physician
What are key elements to Medication Management Services (MMS)?
-Patient-centered approach to care (service is individualized for a specific patient)
-Assessment of medication appropriateness (indication), effectiveness, safety, and adherence
-Collaborative approach to care that involves the patient, caregiver(s), pharmacists and other health care providers
-Focus on health outcomes
What are the goals of Medication Therapy Management (MTM)?
-Optimize therapeutic outcomes through improved medication use
-Reduce the risk of adverse events and drug interactions
How often will Medicare cover MTM reviews?
Annual CMR with written summaries
Quarterly targeted medication reviews (TMRs) plus follow-up reviews as needed
Who can complete a CMR?
-Pharmacist
-Pharmacy intern under direct supervision of pharmacist
-Other qualified health care provider (i.e. MD/DO or RN)
What are the core elements of MTM?
-Medication therapy review (can be comprehensive or targeted)
-Personal medication record
-Medication-related action plan (does not contain outstanding action items that still require physician approval)
-Intervention and/or referral
-Documentation and follow-up
What is Comprehensive Medication Management (CMM)?
Similar to CPA services (patients have specific chronic conditions and are finding it hard to meet their health goals -> qualified clinical pharmacist takes over management and follow-up)
What is Collaborative Drug Therapy Management (CDTM)?
A collaborative practice agreement between one or more physicians and qualified clinical pharmacists who work within the context of a defined protocol that permits the clinical pharmacist to assume responsibility for performing patient assessments, ordering drug therapy-related lab tests, administering drugs, and selecting, initiating, monitoring, continuing, and adjusting drug regimens
What are the components of the Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process?
-Collect (subjective/objective info)
-Assess
-Plan
-Implement
-Follow-Up: Monitor and Evaluate
What is the Project RED (re-engineered discharge) TOC model?
Nurse discharge advocate sets up follow-up appointments, provides patient education, completed med rec, and facilitates transmission of discharge to clinicians accepting care
Clinical pharmacist conducts telephone follow-up 2-4 days after discharge
What is a class I recall?
Reasonable probability that exposure to product will cause serious adverse health consequences or death
What is a class II recall?
When exposure to product may cause temporary or medically reversible adverse health consequences or when the probability of serious adverse health consequences is remote
What is a class III recall?
Exposure to product is not likely to cause adverse health consequences
What is the goal of pharmaceutical care?
Optimize the patient’s health-related quality of life and achieve positive clinical outcomes
What is the CMS criteria for eligibility for MTM services?
-Chronic disease states
-Multiple medications for chronic conditions
-Part D drugs costing at least $5330 per year
