Developing and Managing a Clinical Practice Flashcards

1
Q

What are the initial internal environment steps to developing a clinical practice?

A

1) Perform an internal environment scan
-Complete necessary background research and thoroughly evaluate your practice setting
-Understand current and future needs of your setting

2) Evaluate and prioritize your opportunities with consideration of:
-Gap analysis
-Prioritization (of potential services)
-Resources
-Culture of organization

3) Collect data
-Organizational data showing need for the service

4) Develop proposed mission and vision statements
-Mission: describes in a clear, concise, and informative manner the purpose of the program and explains why it should exist
-Vision: defines what the program wants to accomplish in next 5-10 years

5) Develop suggested goals and objectives
-Goal: indicator of success
-Objective: describes how you measure the goals

6) Describe what your program will entail (define the services by provided pharmacist)

7) Leadership and teamwork
-Know organizational structure
-Identify stakeholders (physicians, billing, “practice champion”, etc.)

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2
Q

What are the initial external environment steps to developing a clinical practice?

A

1) Identify literature that supports pharmacy program/service

2) Learn from the work of others

3) Review and incorporate standards of practice or best practices for service

4) Know what competition is doing

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3
Q

What are the 4 key attributes a pharmacy service must have to be successful?

A

-Value
-Scalable
-Reproducible
-Sustainable

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4
Q

After completing a review of the literature and your circumstances, what should be performed?

A

SWOT analysis
-Strengths
-Weaknesses
-Opportunities
-Threats

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5
Q

What are 4 key resource needs?

A

-Personnel
-Space
-Equipment
-Supplies

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6
Q

What is return on investment?

A

Used as a measure of the financial benefit the organization can expect

(gain from investment - cost of investment)/cost of investment

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7
Q

What does the term “soft dollars” mean?

A

Cost-saving figures on the basis of “what didn’t happen” (ex: hospitalizations for HD, ED visit for hyperglycemia, etc.)

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8
Q

What is a pro form financial statement?

A

Estimated profit and loss statement (usually done for next 3-5 years)

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9
Q

What is a CLIA waiver?

A

Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
-simple lab exams and procedures that have an insignificant risk of an erroneous result

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10
Q

What general components should be included in clinic policies/procedures?

A

-Title
-Mission and vision statements
-List of specific services provided
-Hours of operation and off-hour coverage process

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11
Q

What information regarding service personnel should be defined in clinic policies/procedures?

A

-Job description, duties, and responsibilities
-Required credentials and preferred experience
-Scope of practice and clinic privilege (CPAs)
-CE requirements
-Continuing credentialing and/or privileging processes

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12
Q

What information regarding clinic operational processes should be defined in clinic policies/procedures?

A

-Referral process
-Patient scheduling process
-Follow-up process for patients and recommended intervals
-Coordination of care procedures
-Discharge or transfer from service
-No-show and cancellation policy

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13
Q

What is an ideal timeline for the creation and implementation of a new pharmacy service?

A

6 months

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14
Q

What should be completed during Month 1 of establishing a clinical practice/service?

A

-Perform internal and external environment scans
-Draft mission and vision statements and goals for the service-
-Identify important stakeholders and potential members of the implementation team
-Review state and federal rules on scope of practice and payment
-Perform a SWOT analysis

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15
Q

What should be completed during Months 3-4 of establishing a clinical practice/service?

A

-Complete the service proposal or business plan
-Schedule formal meetings and presentations to stakeholders and decision-makers within organization

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16
Q

How often should policies and procedures be reviewed?

A

Annually

17
Q

How often should CPA be reviewed/updated?

A

Annually (unless state laws dictate more frequently)

18
Q

What are value-based payment models?

A

Payment models and contracts for services that reward for the quality of the services provided versus the number of patients served

19
Q

What is a pay-for-performance model?

A

Uses payment for health care services aligned with quality measures and performance of providers, usually through incentives

20
Q

What is a global payment model?

A

-Has a requirement to achieve quality benchmarks
-A set per-patient fee is paid to provider that encompasses the total cost of care for the patient’s services during a set time interval

21
Q

What is an Accountable Care Organization (ACO)?

A

-Voluntary group of physicians, hospitals, and other health care providers
-Assume responsibility to the care of a clearly defined population of beneficiaries assigned to them by a payer
-If the triple aim is met at better care and health with reduced costs, the savings are shared between ACO and payer

22
Q

What is a Patient-Center Medical Home (PCMH)?

A

-Comprehensive team-based care
-Patient-centered or whole-person orientation
-Care that is coordinated
-Superb access to care
-Systems-based approach to quality and safety
-Payment is reflective of care given

23
Q

What is Six Sigma?

A

Method focused on reducing variation and defects within processes to consistently create a desired outcome and reduce opportunities for error

24
Q

What are the 4 areas you need to measure to ensure quality in a service?

A

-Structure (staffing, workload, processes, etc.)
-Process (error rates, timeliness of services, documentation meeting standards)
-Outcomes (clinical markers, patient satisfaction, care experiences)
-Financial (clinic grown and referrals, cost avoidance, reimbursement and revenue capture, cost/value ratio)

25
Q

What are the 5 tenets for a pharmacist philosophy of practice?

A

-Meeting a societal need
-Assuming responsibility for optimizing medications
-Embracing a patient-centered approach
-Caring through an ongoing pharmacist-patient relationship
-Working as a collaborative member of the health care team

26
Q

What are Medicare Administrative Contractors (MACs)?

A

Private companies contracted with Medicare to administer Medicare funds to providers
-Provide reimbursement services, medical coverage review, and audits
-Respond to provider inquiries
-Educate providers
-Establish local coverage determinations
-Process claims

27
Q

What is incident to billing?

A

Indirect billing mechanism whereby auxiliary personnel under their state scope of practice can provide patient care services under the supervision of a physician or other qualified health professional
-Service is billed under the supervising provider’s NPI

28
Q

What common pharmacy service does Medicare Part B not cover?

A

MTM

29
Q

What billing codes should be used for facility fee?

A

APC code 5012 + HCPCS level II G0463

30
Q

What billing codes can be used for diabetes self-management training?

A

Individual - G0108

Group (2-20 people) - G0109

31
Q

In order to bill for a transitions of care visit, how soon after discharge does a patient need to be contacted?

A

2 days

32
Q

In order to bill for a transitions of care visit, how soon after discharge does a patient need to have a face-to-face visit?

A

Within 7 or 14 days

33
Q

Which billing codes performed by pharmacists can be performed under general supervision?

A

-CCM codes
-TCM codes

34
Q

Which billing codes are not currently recognized by Medicare Part B?

A

-MTM codes