Practice test questions Flashcards
Executive Order (E.O.) 12898 - Federal Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations - was issued by President William J. Clinton in 1994
the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income, with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.
Inclusionary zoning
usually practiced in urban areas, is planning communities and developments that will provide housing to all income brackets. Inclusionary zoning ordinances often require any new housing construction to include a set percentage of affordable housing units.
Aggie land need per household fact
You report that on a per household basis: it takes 2acres of land to feed the U.S. population
Multigenerational Household Fact
You report that the percentage of multigenerational households has grown from a low of 12 percent in 1980 to approximately 20 percent of households today. Nearly the same as the 1950 peak
Vacant land fact
Detroit has approximately 70,000 vacant lots making up approximately 27% of the land area.
Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA).
An MSA is based on the concept of at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core.
A typical MSA is centered on a single large city that wields substantial influence over the region (e.g., New York City or Philadelphia). However, some MSAs contain more than one large city (e.g., Dallas–Fort Worth or Minneapolis–Saint Paul.
MPO
A Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO) is a transportation policy-making organization made up of representatives from local government and transportation authorities. In the early 1970s, the Congress of the United States passed legislation that required the formation of an MPO for any Urbanized Area (UZA) with a population greater than 50,000. Congress created MPOs in order to ensure that existing and future expenditures for transportation projects and programs are based on a continuing, cooperative, and comprehensive (“3-C”) planning process. Federal funding for transportation projects and programs are channeled through this planning process.
Herbert Simon developed what technique?
Satisficing is a decision-making strategy that entails searching through the available alternatives until an acceptable threshold is met.
The Standard State Zoning Enabling Act (and most state zoning enabling statutes) authorized a board of adjustments to do the following:
Hear and decide appeals from determinations made by local zoning officials
Grant variances to provide relief from the terms of the zoning ordinance
Board of Zoning Adjustments act in a quasi-judicial manner and can grant variances and hear appeals. The enactment of the zoning ordinance and special exceptions are achieved through a legislative process with the planning commission.
Types of ‘group building’
Consensus Building would bring together the stakeholders to work together to come to a solution. Coalition Building brings parties who agree together to promote an idea. A Town Hall Meeting is good to identify issues, but in this case, the issue is already known. Focus Groups might be useful in understanding the issue further
Local road speeds
Local roads have a design speed of 25-35 miles per hour
Building and water separation
Separation from a water supply is an effective way to protect water quality. The separation can be 200 or more feet –– depending on soil conditions and water flow.
Drosscape
an urban design framework that examines urbanized regions as the product of past economic and industrial processes. The concept focuses on the redesign and adaptive reuse of “waste landscapes” within regions
1934 Indian Reorganization Act
The 1934 Act allowed Native Americans to adopt a constitution and organize for their common welfare.
Arbitration
a form of dispute resolution. In arbitration an independent third party makes a judicial determination of a dispute. Arbitration is commonly used in union contract disputes.
Types of sites
Brownfields are contaminated industrial sites.
Greenfields refer to land that is not currently used for development.
Grayfields are former development sites that are not contaminated.
Dillions Rule
In 1872, Judge Dillon found that local governments are subordinate to the state and are only authorized to perform actions permitted by the state. Following this ruling some states passed “home rule” legislation that authorized home rule jurisdictions the authority to pass regulations without express authorization from the state.
Clarence Perry NB Description
Clarence Perry’s Neighborhood Unit concept identifies 5-9,000 residents with a density of 10 units per acre, a school at the center, and buildings around the edges for shopping.
Change Interval
The amount of time between messages appearing on a digital sign.
Biophilic Design
Biophilic Design brings humans and nature together through sustainable strategies, which can include lighting, ventilation, access to water and natural elements.
Colocation Facility
A colocation facility allows businesses to rent storage space for servers and other equipment. The colocation center provides space, power, cooling, and physical security for the networking equipment for many different companies.
A building that provides space that is leased by the rack, cabinet, cage, or room, and that provides security, cooling, power, and bandwidth
The National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program
The National Corridor Planning and Development Program and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program provided funding between 1999 and 2005, but was discontinued under The Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act and the Coordinated Border Infrastructure Program.
census location numbers
Urbanized areas and urban clusters form the urban cores of metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, respectively.
Each metropolitan statistical area will contain at least one urbanized area of 50,000 or more people;
each micropolitan statistical area will contain at least one urban cluster of at least 10,000 and less than 50,000 people.
Metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas represent the county-based functional regions associated with urban centers (hence, the generic term “core based statistical areas”).
Saul David Alinsky (1909-1972)
Saul David Alinsky (1909-1972) was a community organizer and activist. He founded the Industrial Areas Foundation in Chicago. He was also an influential writer. His books Reveille for Radicals (1946) and Rules for Radicals (1972) were, and remain, important statements of community organizing.
Federal Gov Homeless Def
Federal law defines a homeless person as one who, “lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence … and has a primary night residency that is: a shelter or a public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.” This definition works well in large urban communities, but is problematic in assessing the status of homeless persons in rural areas where there are few shelters.
Charrette
A charrette is a type of participatory planning process that assembles an interdisciplinary team—typically consisting of planners, citizens, city officials, architects, landscape architects, transportation engineers, parks and recreation officials, and other stakeholders—to create a design and implementation plan for a specific project. It differs from a traditional community consultation process in that it is design-based. In addition, charrettes are usually compressed into a short period of time, unlike traditional planning exercises that can take a long time to be finalized.
coupon rate
The coupon rate is the rate of interest for bonds, notes, and other securities.
The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
The Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act requires that religious freedom not be interrupted by treating churches with stronger requirements than other like uses.
Communicative Planning Th
Calls for Consensus building
AASHTO - Expressway
roads provide a moderate amount of land access, distribute travel to smaller areas, and interconnect major roads?
Housing Aff. Ratio (one method)
The ratio of median housing price to median income shows how affordable or unaffordable a community may be. A ratio of greater than 2.5 would indicate that the housing may be unaffordable.
Columbia, MD
In 1963, the Rouse Company began the development of Columbia, Maryland. The 14,000-acre master planned development was developed to provide jobs, recreation, shopping, health care, and a mix of housing at different price points. The development was designed to create a jobs-housing balance.
Beneficiary assessments
Beneficiary assessments are used by the World Bank and other development organizations to make sure that project beneficiaries can provide insights on how a project will affect them, particularly the poor and those without political power. The technique solicits qualitative information about the development activity. This can include interviews, focus groups, and participant observations.
The nominal group technique
The nominal group technique allows for brainstorming, enabling all members of a group to meaningfully participate. There are silent times allowing for idea generation followed by individual sharing of ideas.
2010 Homeownership rates
According to the 2010 Census, 65% of residential units are owner occupied.
Council of Governments
First in Detroit
Council of Governments (CoGs—also known as regional councils, regional commissions, regional planning commissions, and planning districts) are regional governing and/or coordinating bodies that exist throughout the United States. CoGs are set up to work toward coordination of plans and programs at the regional level?
A COG or regional council is a multi-service entity that delivers a variety of federal, state, and local programs, and they are accountable to local units of government. They can also function as partners for state and federal governments.
AASHTO Arterial Street
An arterial street limits direct access to homes and businesses
Marriage Rate Trend
Just over half of adults age 18 and older were married in 2010, compared with 72% in 1960. It is significant to note that only 20% of 18-29 year olds were married in 2010, versus 59% in 1960.
Standard State Zoning Enabling Act Process
According to the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act the rezoning process includes the following:
Submittal of the zoning application
Application review by staff
Notice is given of the planning commission public hearing
The staff report is created
The planning commission hearing
The planning commission recommendation
The recommendation is forwarded to the governing body
Notice given of the governing body public hearing
The governing body hearing occurs
The governing body decision
U.S. EPA environmental justice
The U.S. EPA defines environmental justice as the, “fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people, regardless of race, ethnicity, culture, income, or education level with respect to development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.”
Linear programming analysis
Linear programming is about allocation of resources and (?) not scheduling (?)
Fiscal Impact Analysis
The purpose of fiscal impact analysis is to estimate the impact of a development or a land use change or a plan on the costs and revenues of governmental units serving the development.
Cost-revenue analysis
Cost revenue analysis is typically project based, for example the cost of building and maintaining a pool versus the revenues generated. This type of project based fiscal analysis is not typically included in a comprehensive plan.
Participatory Rural Appraisal
Participatory Rural Appraisal is a group of techniques that allow for the provision and analysis of information by the public. These are typically highly visual including creation of maps or picture cards.
Cluster Sample
In a cluster sample, the population is divided into clusters and a sample of the clusters is taken, but only some of the clusters are taken. This tends to increase sampling error because it is possible for clusters to be similar; for example, in this case, if the clusters were neighborhoods.
