Acts / Laws

Question 1

The Housing Act of 1937

Answer 1

tied slum clearance to public housing

Question 2

Urban Development Action Grant Program (UDAG)

Answer 2

a goal was to facilitate public-private partnerships in the targeted redevelopment and economic recovery of urban areas

a goal was for leveraging, intergovernmental coordination and the placement of responsibility for proposals with local governments

it’s projects offer fertile venues for the investigation of relations between the public and private sector

Question 3

Antiquities Act of 1906

Answer 3

first law to institute federal protection for preserving archaeological sites

the Antiquities Act enabled the President to declare landmarks or objects as national monuments.

Teddy Roosevelt was responsible for establishing the Pelican Island National Wildlife Refuge in 1903. There are 540 National Wildlife Refuges in the United States today.

Question 4

Homestead Act of 1862

Answer 4

It opened the lands of the Public Domain for a nominal fee

Question 5

The Housing Act of 1954

Answer 5

The Housing Act of 1954 stressed slum prevention and urban renewal rather than slum clearance and urban redevelopment as in the 1949 Act. It also stimulated general planning for cities under 25,000 population by providing funds under Section 701 of the Act. “701 funding” later extended by legislative amendments to foster statewide, interstate, and substate regional planning.

Question 6

Standard City Planning Enabling

Answer 6

1928

1. the organization and power of the planning commission, which was directed to prepare and adopt a “master plan”
2. the content of the master plan for the physical development of the territory
3. provision for adoption of a master street plan by the governing body
4. provision for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission
5. control of private subdivision of land
6. provision for the establishment of a regional planning commission and a regional plan

Question 7

Standard State Zoning Enabling Act / Standard City Planning Enabling Act

Answer 7

1922 - Basic foundation for zoning

The SZEA had nine sections. It included a grant of power, a provision that the legislative body could divide the local government’s territory into districts, a statement of purpose for the zoning regulations, and procedures for establishing and amending the zoning regulations. A legislative body was required to establish a zoning commission to advise it on the initial development of zoning regulations.

The standard state enabling act published by the US Department of Commerce in the 1920s sought to provide a basic foundation for zoning in the United States. In many states, this standard act still supplies the institutional structure.

[In 1922] A U.S. Department of Commerce committee issued the third draft of the Standard State Zoning Enabling Act, a model law developed to help states create zoning restrictions in their jurisdictions. This draft contained important language defining a zoning commission and calling for a plan for zoning regulations.

This was followed in 1927 by A Standard City Planning Enabling Act to help states understand the organization and powers of city and regional planning commissions, the making of city and regional plans, and controlling the layout of new subdivisions. These acts still provide the institutional structure for planning and zoning in many states.

Question 8

1901 New York State Tenement House Law

Answer 8

It outlawed dumbbell tenements., Lawrence Veiller led the reform movement, It improved living conditions for New York’s poor.

Question 9

Empowerment zone

Answer 9

An empowerment zone is a federally designated distressed area in need of sustainable community development. EZ is designed to afford communities real opportunities for growth and revitalization.

Question 10

Hope VI

Answer 10

The HOPE VI Program was developed as a result of recommendations by National Commission on Severely Distressed Public Housing, which was charged with proposing a National Action Plan to eradicate severely distressed public housing.

The Commission recommended revitalization in three general areas: physical improvements, management improvements, and social and community services to address resident needs.

HOPE VI provides funds for physical improvements, management improvements, and social and community services to address public housing resident needs.

Question 11

HUD administered programs

Answer 11

Home Investment Partnership Program

HOPE VI

Section 8

Housing Choice Voucher Program

Question 12

Oregon’s Measure 37

Answer 12

Oregon’s Measure 37 is a land owner to be compensated if the land regulation results in a devaluation of the property if they are the owner at the time the regulation was put in place.

Question 13

MAP-21 - Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century

Answer 13

The Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act, MAP-21, is a funding and authorization bill to govern United States federal surface transportation spending. It was passed by Congress on June 29, 2012, and President Barack Obama

Question 14

Dillions Rule

Answer 14

Judge Dillon, in 1872, in the book Municipal Corporations wrote that local governments are subordinate to the state and are authorized to perform only those functions that are explicitly permitted by state legislation.

Question 15

FOIA 1967

Answer 15

Since 1967, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) has provided the public the right to request access to records from any federal agency. In addition, all states have their own “open records” laws that provide access to state and local records. It is never the case that “all information must be handed over at any given time,” and staff reports or material that goes against a planning recommendation would not be exempt. There are exemptions to FOIA, however. The federal FOIA, for example, has nine exemptions that protect interests such as personal privacy, national security, and law enforcement.

Question 16

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949

Answer 16

The Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949 established the General Services Administration. The Federal Surplus Property Act of 1944 allows for the government disposal of property. In this case, you are asked to provide the history of the GSA, for which the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act is the best response.

Question 17

Clean Water Act

Answer 17

Section 404 requires a permit before dredged or fill material may be discharged into waters of the United States, unless exempt (farming etc)

The basic premise of the program is that no discharge of dredged or fill material may be permitted if: (1) a practicable alternative exists that is less damaging to the aquatic environment or (2) the nation’s waters would be significantly degraded. In other words, when you apply for a permit, you must first show that steps have been taken to avoid impacts to wetlands, streams and other aquatic resources; that potential impacts have been minimized; and that compensation will be provided for all remaining unavoidable impacts.

Question 18

The Standard City Planning Enabling Act (SCPEA)

Answer 18

The Standard City Planning Enabling Act (SCPEA) was published in 1928. The SCPEA covered six subjects:
The organization and power of the planning commission, which was directed to prepare and adopt a “master plan”
The content of the master plan for the physical development of the territory
Provision for adoption of a master street plan by the governing body
Provision for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission
Control of private subdivision of land
Provision for the establishment of a regional planning commission and a regional plan