Practice TEST DM Flashcards
Cortisol induces which enzyme in gluconeogenesis?
PEPCK:
Oxaloacetate to Phosphoenolpyruvate
Antioxidant vitamins
Vitamin E, A, C
Short chain fatty acids absorption occurs almost exclusively from which segment of the GI tract?
Colon
Horseshoe kidney is due to which vessel preventing the poles from migrating?
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
A 28 year old man has not eaten for 30 hours. A sample of his tissues shows elevated AMP levels. The aforementioned compound is a direct activator of which of the following enzymes during this period?
A. Glycogen synthase
B. Hepatic Glycogen phosphorylase
C. Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase kinase
D. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase kinase
E. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase
E. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase
A 17 year old boy who is being treated with the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin complains of nausea, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea. The side effects are the result of the antibiotic binding to receptors in the GI tract that recognize which GI hormone?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Enterogastrone
C. Secretin
D. Motilin
E. Gastrin
D. Motilin
Salivary striated ducts release which ions?
K+ and bicarbonate secreted
Which of the following would lead to the most marked increase in the synthesis of primary bile acids by hepatocytes?
A. Increased intestinal bacteria
B. Stimulation by sympathetic nerves
C. Decreased dietary cholesterol
D. An injection of CCK
E. Surgical removal of the ileum
E. Surgical removal of the ileum–hepatocytes must compensate
Which step in heme synthesis requires pyridoxal phosphate?
Succinyl CoA + Glycine to ALA via ALA synthase
A 42 year old man is diagnosed with a tumor of his APUD cells, resulting in carcinoid syndrome. As a result, which of the following conditions may arise?
A. Pellagra
B. Cystinuria
C. Pernicious Anemia
D. Achalasia
E. Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
A. Pellagra (due to inability to produce Niacin from Serotonin from Tryptophan)
Another name for acid maltase in Pompe disease
Lysosomal glucosidase
Refsum disease is due to impaired:
alpha-oxidation, resulting in accumulation of Phytanic acid
Which salivary gland produces the most mucin?
Sublingual gland
Vomiting causes the
Lower esophageal sphincter to: [relax/contract]
Upper esophageal sphincter to: [relax/contract]
Abdominal muscles to: [relax/contract]
Diaphragm to: [relax/contract]
Vomiting causes the
Lower esophageal sphincter to: relax
Upper esophageal sphincter to: relax
Abdominal muscles to: contract
Diaphragm to: contract
**To release stomach contents
Tumor from small cell carcinoma obtains ATP from which cycle?
Glycolysis (Warburg Effect)
Which enzyme is responsible for cataract formation in the lens for galactase deficiency?
Aldose reductase
Which location usually shows a pressure of subzero in the esophagus in a health patient?
Midline between upper and lower esophageal sphincters
In Menkes disease, which enzyme is deficient?
Lysyl oxidase
Accumulation of which of the amino acids could most likely result in her methylmalonic aciduria?
Odd chain amino acids: methionine, valine, isoleucine, threonine
Which hormone mediates the relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi?
Cholecystokinin
Which is a acute phase protein?
C-reactive protein, Haptoglobin, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin
Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes which reaction
Conversion of Epinephrine to Norepinephrine
Which is a secondary bile acid:
A. Taurolithocholic Acid
B. Cholic Acid
C. Deoxycholic Acid
D. Glycocholic Acid
E. Chenodeoxycholic Acid
A. Taurolithocholic Acid
Which of the following conditions is phenobarbital indicated for treatment?
A. Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
B. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
C. Crigler-Najjar Syndrome I
D. Crigler-Najjar Syndrome II
E. Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
D. Crigler-Najjar Syndrome II
Absence of which compound confirms the diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome in the cholesterol synthesis pathway?
A. Mevalonate
B. Geranyl-PP
C. Farnesyl-PP
D. Lanosterol
E. Cholesterol
E. Cholesterol (last step of pathway in cholesterol synthesis)
A 35-year-old man comes to his physician for a routine check-up. His vitals are within normal limits. His physical examination shows a scar on his abdomen. He previously had part of his GI tract transplanted 2 years ago due to a tumor. After his surgery peristalsis and segmental contractions in the gut are largely maintained due to the slow wave intrinsic pacemaker activity of which cells of the transplanted GI tract?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Motilin producing cells
C. I-cells
D. Interstitial cells of Cajal
E. ECL cells
Interstitial cells of Cajal
