Practice TEST DM

Question 1

Cortisol induces which enzyme in gluconeogenesis?

Answer 1

PEPCK:
Oxaloacetate to Phosphoenolpyruvate

Question 2

Antioxidant vitamins

Answer 2

Vitamin E, A, C

Question 3

Short chain fatty acids absorption occurs almost exclusively from which segment of the GI tract?

Answer 3

Colon

Question 4

Horseshoe kidney is due to which vessel preventing the poles from migrating?

Answer 4

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

Question 5

A 28 year old man has not eaten for 30 hours. A sample of his tissues shows elevated AMP levels. The aforementioned compound is a direct activator of which of the following enzymes during this period?
A. Glycogen synthase
B. Hepatic Glycogen phosphorylase
C. Hepatic glycogen phosphorylase kinase
D. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase kinase
E. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase

Answer 5

E. Muscle glycogen phosphorylase

Question 6

A 17 year old boy who is being treated with the macrolide antibiotic erythromycin complains of nausea, intestinal cramping, and diarrhea. The side effects are the result of the antibiotic binding to receptors in the GI tract that recognize which GI hormone?
A. Cholecystokinin
B. Enterogastrone
C. Secretin
D. Motilin
E. Gastrin

Answer 6

D. Motilin

Question 7

Salivary striated ducts release which ions?

Answer 7

K+ and bicarbonate secreted

Question 8

Which of the following would lead to the most marked increase in the synthesis of primary bile acids by hepatocytes?
A. Increased intestinal bacteria
B. Stimulation by sympathetic nerves
C. Decreased dietary cholesterol
D. An injection of CCK
E. Surgical removal of the ileum

Answer 8

E. Surgical removal of the ileum–hepatocytes must compensate

Question 9

Which step in heme synthesis requires pyridoxal phosphate?

Answer 9

Succinyl CoA + Glycine to ALA via ALA synthase

Question 10

A 42 year old man is diagnosed with a tumor of his APUD cells, resulting in carcinoid syndrome. As a result, which of the following conditions may arise?
A. Pellagra
B. Cystinuria
C. Pernicious Anemia
D. Achalasia
E. Dubin-Johnson Syndrome

Answer 10

A. Pellagra (due to inability to produce Niacin from Serotonin from Tryptophan)

Question 11

Another name for acid maltase in Pompe disease

Answer 11

Lysosomal glucosidase

Question 12

Refsum disease is due to impaired:

Answer 12

alpha-oxidation, resulting in accumulation of Phytanic acid

Question 13

Which salivary gland produces the most mucin?

Answer 13

Sublingual gland

Question 14

Vomiting causes the
Lower esophageal sphincter to: [relax/contract]
Upper esophageal sphincter to: [relax/contract]
Abdominal muscles to: [relax/contract]
Diaphragm to: [relax/contract]

Answer 14

Vomiting causes the
Lower esophageal sphincter to: relax
Upper esophageal sphincter to: relax
Abdominal muscles to: contract
Diaphragm to: contract
**To release stomach contents

Question 15

Tumor from small cell carcinoma obtains ATP from which cycle?

Answer 15

Glycolysis (Warburg Effect)

Question 16

Which enzyme is responsible for cataract formation in the lens for galactase deficiency?

Answer 16

Aldose reductase

Question 17

Which location usually shows a pressure of subzero in the esophagus in a health patient?

Answer 17

Midline between upper and lower esophageal sphincters

Question 18

In Menkes disease, which enzyme is deficient?

Answer 18

Lysyl oxidase

Question 19

Accumulation of which of the amino acids could most likely result in her methylmalonic aciduria?

Answer 19

Odd chain amino acids: methionine, valine, isoleucine, threonine

Question 20

Which hormone mediates the relaxation of the Sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 20

Cholecystokinin

Question 21

Which is a acute phase protein?

Answer 21

C-reactive protein, Haptoglobin, Alpha-1 antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin

Question 22

Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) catalyzes which reaction

Answer 22

Conversion of Epinephrine to Norepinephrine

Question 23

Which is a secondary bile acid:
A. Taurolithocholic Acid
B. Cholic Acid
C. Deoxycholic Acid
D. Glycocholic Acid
E. Chenodeoxycholic Acid

Answer 23

A. Taurolithocholic Acid

Question 24

Which of the following conditions is phenobarbital indicated for treatment?
A. Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
B. Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
C. Crigler-Najjar Syndrome I
D. Crigler-Najjar Syndrome II
E. Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria

Answer 24

D. Crigler-Najjar Syndrome II

Question 25

Absence of which compound confirms the diagnosis of Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome in the cholesterol synthesis pathway?
A. Mevalonate
B. Geranyl-PP
C. Farnesyl-PP
D. Lanosterol
E. Cholesterol

Answer 25

E. Cholesterol (last step of pathway in cholesterol synthesis)

Question 26

A 35-year-old man comes to his physician for a routine check-up. His vitals are within normal limits. His physical examination shows a scar on his abdomen. He previously had part of his GI tract transplanted 2 years ago due to a tumor. After his surgery peristalsis and segmental contractions in the gut are largely maintained due to the slow wave intrinsic pacemaker activity of which cells of the transplanted GI tract?
A. Vagus nerve
B. Motilin producing cells
C. I-cells
D. Interstitial cells of Cajal
E. ECL cells

Answer 26

Interstitial cells of Cajal