DM Week 3 Flashcards
Salivary secretion is inhibited by:
A. smell
B. taste
C. Nausea
D. Pressure of food in the mouth
E. sleep
Sleep
Which of the following substances has a paracrine action in producing smooth muscle relaxation?
A. Secretin
B. Gastrin
C. CCK
D. VIP
E. Gastric inhibitory peptide
VIP (Vasodilatory)
Paracrine: diffusion directly onto target cells through interstitial space
Cholecystokinin inhibits:
A. Gastric emptying
B. pancreatic bicarbonate secretion
C. pancreatic enzyme secretion
D. contraction of the gall bladder
E. relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi
Gastric emptying (secretin and CCK slows gastric motility)
Ketogenic and glucogenic amino acids
Phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan
Delivery of the placenta occurs in which stage of labor?
3rd stage of labor
A 36 year old man was brought to the ED with a bullet wound to the abdomen. The bullet penetrated the anterior abdominal wall superior to the umbilicus. If the bullet passed directly posterior in the midline, which of the following structures was most likely to have been struck first by the bullet?
A. Abdominal aorta
B. Transverse colon
C. Stomach
D. Gallbladder
E. Pancreas
B. Transverse colon
Constriction of which venous structure is responsible for the development of caput medusae?
Portal Vein
What are the boundaries of the triangle of Calot?
Inferior border of the left ventricle (LV), cystic duct, common hepatic duct
Name 2 of the secondary bile acids produced in the small intestines
1) Deoxycholic acid
2) Lithocholic acid
Basic Amino Acid Transporter Defect
Cystinuria: COLA (Cysteine, Ornithine, Lysine, Arginine)
Which of the amino acids would directly form oxaloacetate as a precursor of glucose by gluconeogenesis?
Aspartate
Which of the amino acids forms pyruvate?
Alanine
Arsenic poisoning inhibits which cofactor?
Lipoic acid
Grapefruit juice inhibits which enzyme?
A. Cytochrome P450 reductase
B. UDP-glucuronosyl transferase
C. Cytochrome oxidase
D. CYP 2E1
E. CYP 3A4
E. CYP3A4
Has oleic acid instead of saturated fatty acids
Mediterranean diet
What is the beneficial effect of EPA in reducing blood clotting?
Thromboxane formed from EPA is weaker than from arachidonic acid.
What hormone is the long term appetite suppressant?
Insulin
Insulin resistance causes which lab finding?
A. Normal levels of circulating insulin
B. Low levels of circulating insulin
C. High levels of VLDL
D. Low levels of TAGs
E. High level of HDL cholesterol
C. High levels of VLDL
A triceps skin-fold thickness is obtained to assess the subcutaneous fat content. Which of the following measurements best assesses this parameter?
A. Bioelectric impedance
B. Body mass index (BMI)
C. Height measurement
D. Weight measurement
E. Waist circumference measurement
A. Bioelectric impedance–which indicates the amount of adipose tissue and muscle mass ratio
Decreased hormone sensitive lipase activity results in:
Elevated free fatty acids
Decreased lipoprotein lipase activity results in:
Elevated TAG
Which of the following is activated by insulin:
A. Hormone-sensitive lipase
B. GLUT-1 transporters
C. MAG pathway for TAG synthesis
D. Lipoprotein lipase
E. Fatty acid de novo synthesis
D. Lipoprotein lipase
Which enzyme is inhibited by phosphorylation by PKA to indirectly support gluconeogenesis?
A. Pyruvate kinase
B. Glycogen phosphorylase kinase
C. Pyruvate dehydrogenase
D. Acetyl CoA carboxylase
E. FBPase-2 activity of the bifunctional enzyme
A. pyruvate kinase
Which enzyme is deficient in Pompe disease?
Acid maltase
MODY-2 (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Type 2) is due to deficiency of which enzyme?
Glucokinase (impaired insulin secretion from beta-cells of the pancreas)–specific to the liver
Hormone sensitive lipase is active under which hormone?
Glucagon–breaks down fats and release free fatty acids from adipose cells
Lipoprotein lipase is active under which hormone/state?
Fed state/insulin: transports fats to chylomicrons
Gland that is located anterior and inferior to the ear:
Parotid gland
Classified as a pure serous, compound, alveolar gland
Parotid gland
Opens into the oral vestibule at the parotid papilla (next to the upper second molar tooth)
Parotid gland
Excretory submandibular ducts open on either side of the base of the lingual frenulum
Submandibular gland
Multiple excretory sublingual ducts empty directly in to the floor of the oral cavity and into the submandibular duct
Sublingual gland
Classified as a mixed, compound, tubuloalveolar gland
Submandibular and Sublingual gland
